Long-term changes in the littoral benthos of a Norwegian subalpine lake following the introduction of the European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus)

Næstad, Frode; Brittain, John E.

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9388-2_7

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…1991). This species has been paid little attention despite its large distribution (Frost 1943) and its ecological impact when introduced to new areas, where it can become invasive and drastically modify native ecosystems (from benthos to native fish species such as brown trout; Naestad & Brittain 2010; Museth et al. 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for morphological and adaptive genetic divergence between lake and stream habitats in European minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus, Cyprinidae)

Collin

Fumagalli

2011

Molecular Ecology

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Natural selection drives local adaptation, potentially even at small temporal and spatial scales. As a result, adaptive genetic and phenotypic divergence can occur among populations living in different habitats. We investigated patterns of differentiation between contrasting lake and stream habitats in the cyprinid fish European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) at both the morphological and genomic levels using geometric morphometrics and AFLP markers, respectively. We also used a spatial correlative approach to identify AFLP loci associated with environmental variables representing potential selective forces responsible for adaptation to divergent habitats. Our results identified different morphologies between lakes and streams, with lake fish presenting a deeper body and caudal peduncle compared to stream fish. Body shape variation conformed to a priori predictions concerning biomechanics and swimming performance in lakes vs. streams. Moreover, morphological differentiation was found to be associated with several environmental variables, which could impose selection on body and caudal peduncle shape. We found adaptive genetic divergence between these contrasting habitats in the form of 'outlier' loci (2.9%) whose genetic divergence exceeded neutral expectations. We also detected additional loci (6.6%) not associated with habitat type (lake vs. stream), but contributing to genetic divergence between populations. Specific environmental variables related to trophic dynamics, landscape topography and geography were associated with several neutral and outlier loci. These results provide new insights into the morphological divergence and genetic basis of adaptation to differentiated habitats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for morphological and adaptive genetic divergence between lake and stream habitats in European minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus, Cyprinidae)

Collin

Fumagalli

2011

Molecular Ecology

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“…Lakes to which common minnow has been introduced, have experienced a marked decline in benthic invertebrate diversity through predation (Naestad and Brittain 2010). Recruitment of brown trout (Salmo trutta) can be strongly negatively affected by competition with and intraguild predation by introduced common minnow (Borgstrøm et al 1996), and population declines in brown trout have been documented (Museth et al 2007).…”

Section: Example Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generic ecological impact assessments of alien species in Norway: a semi-quantitative set of criteria

et al. 2012

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The ecological impact assessment scheme that has been developed to classify alien species in Norway is presented. The underlying set of criteria enables a generic and semi-quantitative impact assessment of alien species. The criteria produce a classification of alien species that is testable, transparent and easily adjustable to novel evidence or environmental change. This gives a high scientific and political legitimacy to the end product and enables an effective prioritization of management efforts, while at the same time paying attention to the precautionary principle. The criteria chosen are applicable to all species regardless of taxonomic position. This makes the assessment scheme comparable to the Red List criteria used to classify threatened species.The impact of alien species is expressed along two independent axes, one measuring invasion potential, the other ecological effects. Using this two-dimensional approach, the categorization captures the ecological impact of alien species, which is the product rather than the sum of spread and effect. Invasion potential is assessed using three criteria, including expected population lifetime and expansion rate. Ecological effects are evaluated using six criteria, including interactions with native species, changes in landscape types, and the potential to transmit genes or parasites. Effects on threatened species or landscape types receive greater weightings. KeywordsBlack List criteria, ecological effect, invasion potential, non-native species, quantitative risk assessment, risk classification © Springer 2012. Please note: this is the authors' version of the work. It may differ in some minor details from the final article, which will be published in Biodiversity and Conservation by Springer-Verlag. The final publication is available at www.springerlink.com and has the digital object identifier (DOI) 10.1007/s10531-012-0394-z. Please cite the article as: "Sandvik H, Saether B-E, Holmern T, Tufto J, Engen S, Roy HE (in press) Generic ecological impact assessments of alien species in Norway: a semiquantitative set of criteria. Biodivers Conserv,

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“…Concurrently, fishes were not found as prey in monthly samples of stomach contents of S. trutta (Lien, ). One decade after the first observations of P. phoxinus in the lake, the population had increased significantly (Lien, ) and thereafter considerable changes in the lake ecosystem were evident, including changes in species composition of the benthic community (Næstad & Brittain, ). Phoxinus phoxinus became an important prey of S. trutta (Museth et al, , ) and also juvenile S. trutta were occasionally found as prey of larger S. trutta after P. phoxinus appeared (Borgstrøm et al, ), demonstrating a shift in diet of S. trutta to piscivory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plerocercoids of the cestode Diphyllobothrium ditremum in brown trout Salmo trutta: substantial increase in infection after establishment of European minnow Phoxinus phoxinus

Borgstrøm

Trømborg

Haugen

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Biology

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This study focuses on plerocercoids of the cestode Diphyllobothrium ditremum in brown trout Salmo trutta from the subalpine lake Øvre Heimdalsvatn in south-central Norway. Salmo trutta was the only fish species in this lake until European minnow Phoxinus phoxinus was registered in 1969. The P. phoxinus population increased substantially in the following years. In contrast with the 1969-1972 period, when plerocercoids of D. ditremum were practically absent in S. trutta, there was a high prevalence and intensity of infection in the 2013 S. trutta samples. Because the life cycle of D. ditremum involves two larval stages, in copepods and salmonids and mature worms in piscivorous birds, such as mergansers and loons, a change in feeding ecology of S. trutta or changes in population densities of copepods, fish or birds might have influenced the infection pattern. No relationships between D. ditremum infection and muscle-tissue δ N signature or Hg concentration were found, indicating that infection is not a result of piscivory or cannibalism. Furthermore, consumption of copepods by S. trutta during summer and autumn was low. On the other hand, the number of piscivorous birds has increased, probably due to the presence of P. phoxinus as a new and numerous prey. An increased number of final D. ditremum hosts may have produced a higher output of cestode eggs, resulting in more infected copepods that in turn are consumed by S. trutta. Indirectly, P. phoxinus may therefore have caused the observed increased infection in S. trutta and thereby imposed further negative effects on S. trutta in high mountain areas.

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Long-term changes in the littoral benthos of a Norwegian subalpine lake following the introduction of the European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus)

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Evidence for morphological and adaptive genetic divergence between lake and stream habitats in European minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus, Cyprinidae)

Evidence for morphological and adaptive genetic divergence between lake and stream habitats in European minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus, Cyprinidae)

Generic ecological impact assessments of alien species in Norway: a semi-quantitative set of criteria

Plerocercoids of the cestode Diphyllobothrium ditremum in brown trout Salmo trutta: substantial increase in infection after establishment of European minnow Phoxinus phoxinus

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