Long term changes in the ecosystem in the northern South China Sea during 1976–2004

Ning, Xin; Lin, C.; Hao, Qiang; Liu, C.; Le, Fengfeng; Shi, Jingxue

doi:10.5194/bg-6-2227-2009

Cited by 46 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[22] The results of EEMD analysis also allowed us to conclude that the observed 13-year trend might in fact be part of a longer, decadal cycle that controls the physical and biogeochemical regime in the SCS. Ning et al [2009] used physical and chemical oceanographic data obtained from combined in situ and satellite observations during 1976-2004 to identify long-term changes in the ecosystem in the northern SCS. In another study by Xue et al [2010], analyses of the 1990-2010, area-averaged, result from a Pacific ROMS model, remote sensing products including sea surface wind, as well as in situ observations from the World Ocean Database (http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/WOD/pr_wod.html), pointed at the 1997/1998 El Niño event as an inflection point within the observed inter-decadal trend within the SCS basin.…”

Section: Domain-averaged Surface Chlorophyll and Wind Speed Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another study by Xue et al [2010], analyses of the 1990-2010, area-averaged, result from a Pacific ROMS model, remote sensing products including sea surface wind, as well as in situ observations from the World Ocean Database (http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/WOD/pr_wod.html), pointed at the 1997/1998 El Niño event as an inflection point within the observed inter-decadal trend within the SCS basin. In summary, several investigations pointed out a possible regime shift that might have occurred after the 1997-98 El Niño [Ning et al, 2009;Liu and Chai, 2009;Xue et al, 2010].…”

Section: Domain-averaged Surface Chlorophyll and Wind Speed Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SCS is sensitive to many types of physical forcing on the short-term (e.g., internal waves and tides, mesoscale eddies, typhoons, etc.) Wang et al, 2009;Xiu et al, 2010], annual (monsoon) [Wyrtki, 1961;Shaw and Chao, 1994;Chu et al, 1997], inter-annual (e.g., El Niño) [Chao et al, 1996;Chen et al, 2010], and longterm (e.g., climate change) scales [Ning et al, 2009]. The seasonally reversing East Asian Monsoon that alternates between the winter northeasterly wind and the summer southwesterly wind, exerts a primary control on the physicalbiological interactions of the SCS [e.g., Wu et al, 1998;Ning et al, 2004;Wong et al, 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seasonally reversing East Asian Monsoon that alternates between the winter northeasterly wind and the summer southwesterly wind, exerts a primary control on the physicalbiological interactions of the SCS [e.g., Wu et al, 1998;Ning et al, 2004;Wong et al, 2007]. Inter-annual variability in hydrographic and biogeochemical conditions is primarily associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle [Zhao and Tang, 2007;Kuo et al, 2008;Ning et al, 2009]. Strong ENSO events result in an anomalous Hadley circulation that causes not only variations in the sea surface wind, air temperature, and freshwater cycle [Zong et al, 2010], but also in sea surface temperature .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal and inter-annual changes in the surface chlorophyll of the South China Sea

Palacz¹,

Xue²,

Armbrecht³

et al. 2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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The Hilbert‐Huang Transform was applied to the satellite‐derived monthly surface chlorophyll‐a data and monthly blended satellite wind products from September 1997 to April 2010 to examine temporal trends in these time series. Using this new approach, we found an overall increasing trend in both the surface chlorophyll‐a concentration and surface wind speed averaged over the entire South China Sea. Chlorophyll‐a concentration increased by 12% between September 1997 and September 2003, and then decreased by 3% by April 2010. Wind speed increased by 21% between September 1997 and December 2005, but then decreased by 11%. The increasing trends followed by a period of decrease in both chlorophyll‐a and wind speed time series are likely driven by the El Niño Southern Oscillation signal. The biggest change occurred in the deep basin region where the area averaged chlorophyll‐a concentration increased by 20% between 1997 and 2010. This trend was primarily attributed to a 19% increase of the surface area of waters with monthly averaged chlorophyll‐a concentration greater than 0.2 mg m −3, called the high chlorophyll waters. The most pronounced change occurred in winter with the high chlorophyll surface area expanding from 56 to 64% of the South China Sea. Strong correlation between chlorophyll‐a and wind speed in this region suggested that it is the enhanced wind‐induced mixing in the winter that stimulates phytoplankton growth via increased vertical supply of nutrients. The obtained 13‐year trends indicate that the physical‐biological interactions also take place on inter‐annual time scales in the South China Sea.

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Section: Domain-averaged Surface Chlorophyll and Wind Speed Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Domain-averaged Surface Chlorophyll and Wind Speed Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Seasonal and inter-annual changes in the surface chlorophyll of the South China Sea

Palacz¹,

Xue²,

Armbrecht³

et al. 2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…There has also been nearly a six-fold increase in HAB occurrences and a shift to proportionately more dinoflagellates compared to diatoms (Fu et al 2012). In the South China Sea region, water column inorganic N : P ratios increased from ∼2 in the mid-1980s to >20 in the early 2000s (Ning et al 2009). In addition to the increase in number of HABs, a change in species composition to increasing dominance of species such as Chattonella, Gymnodinium breve, and Dinophysis has occurred (Wang et al 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Haber Bosch–harmful algal bloom (HB–HAB) link

Glibert

Maranger

Sobota

et al. 2014

Environ. Res. Lett.

234

197

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Large-scale commercialization of the Haber-Bosch (HB) process is resulting in intensification of nitrogen (N) fertilizer use worldwide. Globally N fertilizer use is far outpacing that of phosphorus (P) fertilizer. Much of the increase in N fertilizers is also now in the form of urea, a reduced form of N. Incorporation of these fertilizers into agricultural products is inefficient leading to significant environmental pollution and aquatic eutrophication. Of particular concern is the increased occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in waters receiving nutrient enriched runoff. Many phytoplankton causing HABs have physiological adaptive strategies that make them favored under conditions of elevated N : P conditions and supply of chemically reduced N (ammonium, urea). We propose that the HB-HAB link is a function of (1) the inefficiency of incorporation of N fertilizers in the food supply chain, the leakiness of the N cycle from crop to table, and the fate of lost N relative to P to the environment; and (2) adaptive physiology of many HABs to thrive in environments in which there is excess N relative to classic nutrient stoichiometric proportions and where chemically reduced forms of N dominate. The rate of HAB expansion is particularly pronounced in China where N fertilizer use has escalated very rapidly, where soil retention is declining, and where blooms have had large economic and ecological impacts. There, in addition to increased use of urea and high N : P based fertilizers overall, escalating aquaculture production adds to the availability of reduced forms of N, as does atmospheric deposition of ammonia. HABs in both freshwaters and marginal seas in China are highly related to these overall changing N loads and ratios. Without more aggressive N control the future outlook in terms of HABs is likely to include more events, more often, and they may also be more toxic.

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Seasonal dynamics of particulate organic matter and its response to flooding in the Pearl River Estuary, China, revealed by stable isotope (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) analyses

Guo

et al. 2017

JGR Oceans

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Nine cruises were conducted on a seasonal basis from 2013 to 2015 to investigate the spatial distribution and seasonal variability of δ13C and δ15N in particulate organic matter (POM), and its response to flooding in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), south China. Our study reveals highly variable isotope ratios between seasons in this subtropical estuary, following seasonal climatic and hydrological cycles. Wet seasons had more isotopically depleted δ13C values, indicating the dominance of terrestrial and freshwater algae POM, whereas the contribution from marine phytoplankton (16%–59%) was higher during the dry seasons. In contrast, δ15N exhibited a sharp increase (up to 17.6‰) at low salinities (0–5) during high flow seasons. This was consistent with high NO3− concentrations, reflecting phytoplankton and bacteria assimilation of δ15N enriched‐ NO3− as well as notable isotope fractionation during microbial mineralization. There was little annual variability in δ13C over the 2 year period; however, particulate nitrogen (PN) exhibited lower concentrations but more enriched isotope values in 2015 than in 2014. This can be best explained by temperature‐modulated biological processing of particulate organic nitrogen, partially due to different biogeochemical responses during normal (2014) and strong El Niño (2015) years. After flooding in June 2015, terrestrial organic matter and freshwater phytoplankton were the major components of POM within the estuary and shelf areas, whereas marine phytoplankton was the dominant component in the adjacent coastal waters with mid‐salinities (10 < S < 20), as revealed by a phytoplankton bloom (>10 μg L−1) and δ13C‐enriched but δ15N‐depleted POM.

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Long term changes in the ecosystem in the northern South China Sea during 1976–2004

Cited by 46 publications

References 24 publications

Seasonal and inter-annual changes in the surface chlorophyll of the South China Sea

Seasonal and inter-annual changes in the surface chlorophyll of the South China Sea

The Haber Bosch–harmful algal bloom (HB–HAB) link

Seasonal dynamics of particulate organic matter and its response to flooding in the Pearl River Estuary, China, revealed by stable isotope (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) analyses

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Long term changes in the ecosystem in the northern South China Sea during 1976–2004

Cited by 46 publications

References 24 publications

Seasonal and inter-annual changes in the surface chlorophyll of the South China Sea

Seasonal and inter-annual changes in the surface chlorophyll of the South China Sea

The Haber Bosch–harmful algal bloom (HB–HAB) link

Seasonal dynamics of particulate organic matter and its response to flooding in the Pearl River Estuary, China, revealed by stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) analyses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Seasonal dynamics of particulate organic matter and its response to flooding in the Pearl River Estuary, China, revealed by stable isotope (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) analyses