Long-Term Changes in Summer Zooplankton Communities of the Western Chukchi Sea, 1945–2012

Ershova, E. A.; Hopcroft, Russell R.; Kosobokova, Ksenia; Matsuno, Kohei; Nelson, Richard J.; Yamaguchi, Atsushi; Eisner, Lisa B.

doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.60

Cited by 83 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Specifically, the low δ 13 C values observed in the modern samples may reflect a shift toward increased production derived from pelagic phytoplankton relative to sea ice algae, the latter of which have δ 13 C values that may be as much as 12‰ higher than coeval pelagic phytoplankton (France et al., ; Hobson et al., ). This scenario fits with the recent and rapid decline of sea ice extent in the region, based on scientific data as well as TEK (Ershova et al., ; Krupnik et al., ; Steele et al., ). The variation in ringed seal δ 13 C values among the archaeological samples may also reflect some temporal variation in sea ice extent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Long‐term ecological changes in marine mammals driven by recent warming in northwestern Alaska

Szpak

Buckley

Darwent

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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Carbon and nitrogen isotopes analyses were performed on marine mammal bone collagen from three archaeological sites (AD 1170-1813) on Cape Espenberg (Kotzebue Sound, northwestern Alaska) as well as modern animals harvested from the same area to examine long-term trends in foraging ecology and sea ice productivity.We observed significant and dramatic changes in ringed seal stable isotope values between the early 19th and early 21st centuries, likely due to changing sea ice productivity and reduced delivery of organic matter to the benthos driven by recent warming in the Arctic. These data highlight the importance of the archaeological record for providing a long-term perspective on environmental variation and interpreting recent changes driven by anthropogenic processes. K E Y W O R D SArctic, climate change, marine mammals, paleoecology, sea ice, stable isotopes, western Alaska

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Long‐term ecological changes in marine mammals driven by recent warming in northwestern Alaska

Szpak

Buckley

Darwent

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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“…In the White Sea (Russia), analyses of 50‐year zooplankton survey data revealed that in warmer years, the biomass of C. glacialis populations increased earlier in spring and consisted mostly of younger stages, while the biomass of fall populations declined earlier due to the reductions of older stages (Persson, Stige, Stenseth, Usov, & Martynova, ), probably because warmer temperatures accelerated growth and development with the resultant early descent into diapause. In the Chukchi Sea, significant increases in the biomass and abundance of zooplankton (particularly C. glacialis ) were found in recent warm years as compared to the earlier cold years (Ershova et al., ). The strong positive correlation between mean developmental stage of C. glacialis and sea surface temperature from that study agreed with our modeling results, both suggesting that warmer temperatures sped up C. glacialis cohort developmental process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A direct linkage between hydrography and zooplankton population and phenological shifts has been identified in the Chukchi Sea, suggesting that higher abundance and biomass of copepods ( C. glacialis / marshallae , Metridia pacifica , and Neocalanus spp.) were driven by higher northward transport of Pacific water through the Bering Strait (Ershova et al., ; Woodgate, Stafford, & Prahl, ). Regarding changes in zooplankton prey quantity and quality, climate change may drive shifts in the phytoplankton abundance and species composition, which likely influence fecundity, feeding, development, and survival of zooplankton, consequently shaping the population dynamics (Cook et al., ; Daase et al., ; Leu, Wiktor, Søreide, Berge, & Falk‐Petersen, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeographic responses of the copepod Calanus glacialis to a changing Arctic marine environment

Feng

Ashjian

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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Dramatic changes have occurred in the Arctic Ocean over the past few decades, especially in terms of sea ice loss and ocean warming. Those environmental changes may modify the planktonic ecosystem with changes from lower to upper trophic levels. This study aimed to understand how the biogeographic distribution of a crucial endemic copepod species, Calanus glacialis, may respond to both abiotic (ocean temperature) and biotic (phytoplankton prey) drivers. A copepod individual-based model coupled to an ice-ocean-biogeochemical model was utilized to simulate temperature-and food-dependent life cycle development of C. glacialis annually from 1980 to 2014. Over the 35-year study period, the northern boundaries of modeled diapausing C. glacialis expanded poleward and the annual success rates of C. glacialis individuals attaining diapause in a circumpolar transition zone increased substantially. Those patterns could be explained by a lengthening growth season (during which time food is ample) and shortening critical development time (the period from the first feeding stage N3 to the diapausing stage C4). The biogeographic changes were further linked to large-scale oceanic processes, particularly diminishing sea ice cover, upper ocean warming, and increasing and prolonging food availability, which could have potential consequences to the entire Arctic shelf/slope marine ecosystems. K E Y W O R D SArctic Ocean, biogeography, climate change, copepod, individual-based model, marine ecosystem, ocean warming, poleward range shift

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“…The distribution and properties of the water masses, as well as the overall thermal characteristics and patterns in zooplankton communities in the Chukchi Sea during the expeditions are described in detail elsewhere for all years except 2015 (Pickart et al, 2010;Ershova et al, 2015a,b;Pisareva et al, 2015a,b). Surface-and bottom-water at each station was assigned to a water mass type based on temperature and salinity characteristics in accordance with methodology for previous years (Ershova et al, 2015b). Three major water masses dominated the region (Figure 2): Alaska Coastal Water (ACW), Bering-Sea Anadyr Water (BSAW), and WW, although the boundary between the first two was not always well defined and an intermediate water mass (ACW/BSAW) was assigned to stations with mixed properties.…”

Section: Water Mass Distribution and Thermal Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the Chukchi Sea is characterized by unique pelagic communities, heavily dominated by Pacific expatriates. Even the species that are shared with adjacent Arctic seas may represent distinct populations of Pacific origin within the Chukchi Sea (Nelson et al, 2009;Ershova et al, 2015b). For holozooplankton, Pacific zooplankton species are occasionally observed in the surface waters of the deep Arctic Basin, but they never compose a significant part of the communities in contrast to Atlantic expatriates, such as C. finmarchicus (Kosobokova et al, 2011).…”

Section: Fate Of Meroplankton In the Chukchi Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Distribution of Meroplanktonic Larvae in the Pacific Arctic and Connectivity With Adult Benthic Invertebrate Communities

et al. 2019

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Pelagic larval stages (meroplankton) of benthic invertebrates seasonally make up a significant proportion of planktonic communities, as well as determine the distribution of their benthic adult stages, yet are frequently overlooked by both plankton and benthic studies. Within the Arctic, the role of meroplanktonic larvae may be particularly important in regions of inflow from sub-Arctic regions, where they can serve as vectors of advection of temperate species into the Arctic. In this study, we describe the links between the distribution of larvae and adult benthic communities of bivalves, echinoderms, select decapods and cnidarians on the Pacific-influenced Chukchi Sea shelf during August-September in the time period 2004-2015 using traditional morphological and molecular tools to resolve taxonomic diversity. For most taxa, we observed little regional overlap between the distribution of larvae and adults of the same taxon; however, larvae of some organisms (e.g., the burrowing anemone Cerianthus sp., the sand dollar Echinarachnius parma) were only observed near populations of adult organisms. Larval stages of species not commonly observed in the Chukchi Sea benthos were also observed in the plankton; overall, shelf meroplanktonic communities were numerically dominated by larvae of coastal hard-bottom taxa, rather than local soft-bottom shelf species. Our results suggest that most larvae that we observe on the shelf are advected from other areas rather than produced locally, and most likely will not successfully settle to the benthos. Seasonality and distribution of water masses were the most important parameters shaping meroplankton communities. We discuss the implications of changing oceanographic and climatic conditions on the potential of range extensions by temperate species into the Arctic Ocean.

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Long-Term Changes in Summer Zooplankton Communities of the Western Chukchi Sea, 1945–2012

Cited by 83 publications

References 26 publications

Long‐term ecological changes in marine mammals driven by recent warming in northwestern Alaska

Long‐term ecological changes in marine mammals driven by recent warming in northwestern Alaska

Biogeographic responses of the copepod Calanus glacialis to a changing Arctic marine environment

Diversity and Distribution of Meroplanktonic Larvae in the Pacific Arctic and Connectivity With Adult Benthic Invertebrate Communities

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