“…Studies in animal models have reported both anxiolytic (Brioni et al, 1993) and anxiogenic (Ouagazzal et al, 1999) effects of nicotine. In accordance with the aforementioned differences between adolescent and adult human smokers, these conflicting patterns of response seem to depend on the age (adolescence vs adulthood) (Elliott et al, 2004;Smith et al, 2006). In addition, the regimen of administration, nicotine dose, sex, species/strain, and the method of assessing anxiety may also play a role (Adriani et al, 2004;Balerio et al, 2006;Cheeta et al, 2001;Elliott et al, 2004;Marco et al, 2006;Slawecki et al, 2003;Smith et al, 2006).…”