Long-term changes in emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter from on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles

Ban-Weiss, George; McLaughlin, John P.; Harley, Robert A.; Lunden, Melissa M.; Kirchstetter, Thomas W.; Kean, Andrew J.; Strawa, A. W.; Stevenson, Eric; Kendall, Gary R.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.049

Cited by 237 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This effect is observed for both diesel and gasoline-powered vehicles, but it is more pronounced for the gasoline vehicle fleet. The differences in decreasing trends between gasoline-powered and dieselpowered vehicles are consistent with long-term analysis of data obtained from tunnel studies, in which observed changes in emissions have been attributed primarily to improvements in vehicle technology (Ban-Weiss et al, 2008;Bishop and Stedman, 2008).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Analysis of model-based PM2.5 emission factors for on-road mobile sources in Mexico

Zavala¹,

Barrera²,

Morante³

et al. 2013

Atmósfera

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RESUMENSe investigan los resultados del empleo del modelo US-EPA MOVES2010a para calcular los factores de emisión del parque vehicular mexicano, y se comparan dichos resultados con las estimaciones del Inventario Nacional de Emisiones de México (INEM) de 2005. El estudio muestra que los factores de emisión PM2.5 basados en modelos, actualizados a partir de estudios recientes, pueden tener un impacto significativo en la estimación de emisiones de PM2.5 procedentes de fuentes móviles en México. Porcentajes mayores de vehículos antiguos tienden a incrementar las estimaciones de emisiones PM2.5 cuando se utiliza el modelo MOVES2010a en comparación con las del INEM 2005; sin embargo, el impacto global sobre las emisiones de material particulado varía según la cantidad y antigüedad de los vehículos, y de acuerdo con los porcentajes de vehículos antiguos impulsados por diesel y gasolina en el parque vehicular de cada entidad federativa. Los resultados también indican que las estimaciones de PM2.5 con MOVES2010a fueron particularmente sensibles a la velocidad vehicular, la temperatura ambiente y el contenido de azufre, pero no a la humedad relativa. Hay una gran necesidad de comprender las características del material particulado fino emitido por vehículos impulsados por diesel o gasolina en las principales zonas urbanas de México. ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effects of using the US-EPA MOVES2010a model for estimating PM2.5 emission factors in the Mexican vehicle fleet; the results are compared with the current PM2.5 emissions estimates in the 2005 Mexican National Emissions Inventory (MNEI). Our results show that model-based PM2.5 emissions factors updated from recent studies can have significant impacts on the estimated PM2.5 emissions from mobile sources in Mexico. Higher fractions of older vehicles tend to increase PM2.5 emissions estimates using MOVES2010a with respect to the 2005 MNEI estimates; however, the overall impact on PM emissions varies depending on the vehicle population and vehicle age composition for each Mexican state fleet. These effects are primarily driven by the higher PM2.5 emission factors from the gasoline-powered vehicles and by the high fractions of older gasoline and diesel vehicles. The results also indicate that the estimated MOVES2010a PM2.5 emission factors for Mexico were particularly sensitive to vehicle speed, ambient temperature and sulfur content, but not the relative humidity. There is a strong need to better understand the characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM) emitted from gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles in major urban areas in Mexico.Keywords: PM2.5 emission factors, mobile sources, emissions inventory.Atmósfera 26(1), 109-124 (2013) 110 M. Zavala et al. IntroductionThe effects of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) on human health have been well documented in recent years; the overall literature provides reasonably compelling evidence that ambient PM air pollution contributes to cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality (e.g., Pope, 2010). There is also e...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Analysis of model-based PM2.5 emission factors for on-road mobile sources in Mexico

Zavala¹,

Barrera²,

Morante³

et al. 2013

Atmósfera

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show abstract

“…At the time of these measurements, we estimated based on a license-plate survey that ~99% of vehicles in the center bore are gasoline-powered and >94% of the vehicles were originally outfitted with three-way catalyst systems (Kean et al, 2000). During the rush-hour period of measurement, driving conditions and the mean vehicle age (~6 years old) at the Caldecott Tunnel are consistent from year to year (Kirchstetter et al, 1999;Ban-Weiss et al, 2008).…”

Section: Light-duty Ammonia Emission Factor Trends Between 1999 and 2006mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For all years of this study (1999, 2001, and 2006), NO x , CO, and CO 2 concentrations were measured at the tunnel inlet and outlet on summer weekdays using standard ambient air monitoring equipment (Kean et al, 2000;Ban-Weiss et al, 2008). Sample air was drawn from the traffic bore and calibration of all gas-phase analyzers was checked daily prior to sampling for all years.…”

Section: Pollutant Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contributions to ammonia concentrations in bore 1 of the Caldecott tunnel from mediumand heavy-duty (MD/HD) vehicles were estimated using CO 2 as a tracer for gasoline engine emissions, together with LD vehicle emission ratios measured in bore 2 (see Ban-Weiss et al, 2008):…”

Section: Ammonia Emissions From Medium-and Heavy-duty Diesel Trucksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ammonium collected on the denuders was analyzed after each day of sampling using an ion chromatograph with conductivity detector, similar to 1999 (Kean et al, 2000). Traffic volume and average speed through the tunnel were determined for each sampling day, as detailed elsewhere (Ban-Weiss et al, 2008).…”

Section: Pollutant Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in on-road vehicle emissions of ammonia

Kean

Littlejohn

Ban-Weiss

et al. 2009

Atmospheric Environment

126

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High‐resolution mapping of motor vehicle carbon dioxide emissions

et al. 2014

Self Cite

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A fuel-based inventory for vehicle emissions is presented for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and mapped at various spatial resolutions (10 km, 4 km, 1 km, and 500 m) using fuel sales and traffic count data. The mapping is done separately for gasoline-powered vehicles and heavy-duty diesel trucks. Emission estimates from this study are compared with the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) and VULCAN. All three inventories agree at the national level within 5%. EDGAR uses road density as a surrogate to apportion vehicle emissions, which leads to 20-80% overestimates of on-road CO 2 emissions in the largest U.S. cities. High-resolution emission maps are presented for Los Angeles, New York City, San Francisco-San Jose, Houston, and Dallas-Fort Worth. Sharp emission gradients that exist near major highways are not apparent when emissions are mapped at 10 km resolution. High CO 2 emission fluxes over highways become apparent at grid resolutions of 1 km and finer. Temporal variations in vehicle emissions are characterized using extensive day-and time-specific traffic count data and are described over diurnal, day of week, and seasonal time scales. Clear differences are observed when comparing light-and heavy-duty vehicle traffic patterns and comparing urban and rural areas. Decadal emission trends were analyzed from 2000 to 2007 when traffic volumes were increasing and a more recent period (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) when traffic volumes declined due to recession. We found large nonuniform changes in on-road CO 2 emissions over a period of~5 years, highlighting the importance of timely updates to motor vehicle emission inventories.

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Long-term changes in emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter from on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles

Cited by 237 publications

References 32 publications

Analysis of model-based PM2.5 emission factors for on-road mobile sources in Mexico

Analysis of model-based PM2.5 emission factors for on-road mobile sources in Mexico

Trends in on-road vehicle emissions of ammonia

High‐resolution mapping of motor vehicle carbon dioxide emissions

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