Long-term carbon loss in fragmented Neotropical forests

Pütz, Sandro; Groeneveld, Jürgen; Henle, Klaus; Knogge, Christoph; Martensen, Alexandre Camargo; Metz, Markus; Metzger, Jean Paul; Ribeiro, Milton Cézar; Paula, Mateus Dantas de; Huth, Andreas

doi:10.1038/ncomms6037

Cited by 148 publications

(133 citation statements)

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“…1a). For example, deforestation in the Amazon generates global impacts by emitting CO 2 (Pütz et al 2014). The Ebola outbreak originating in West Africa profoundly affected people and the environment in these countries and sent shock waves to neighboring nations and many distant countries around the world (Omoleke et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration across a metacoupled world

Liu¹

2017

E&S

191

168

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ABSTRACT. Human-nature interactions are complex and have important implications for achieving sustainable development goals and addressing other global challenges. Although numerous studies have explored human-nature (or human-environment) interactions and generated useful insights, they are largely disintegrated. Because conceptual frameworks are the foundation of quantitative and qualitative integration, many have been proposed but focus mainly on human-nature interactions within a specific system. To reflect human-nature interactions between distant coupled systems, the framework of telecoupling (socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances) has been developed. However, no framework has explicitly integrated human-nature interactions between adjacent coupled systems, let alone within a coupled system as well as between adjacent and distant coupled systems simultaneously. To fill such an important gap, in this paper I present an integrated framework of metacoupling: human-nature interactions within a system (intracoupling), between distant systems (telecoupling), and between adjacent systems (pericoupling). A metacoupled system is a set of two or more coupled systems that interact internally as well as nearby and far away, facilitated by agents affected by various causes with various effects. By differentiating and integrating intracoupling, pericoupling, and telecoupling, the metacoupling framework advances a systems perspective on global sustainability and human well-being. The framework can help uncover hidden systemic connections such as spillovers and feedbacks that may not be apparent when focusing on a particular system. To demonstrate the utility of the metacoupling framework, I illustrate its application to human-nature interactions within a global flagship nature reserve as well as between the reserve and the rest of the world. The illustration suggests that the framework has the potential to help holistically understand and integrate human-nature interactions from local to global scales, over time, and among organizational levels. Finally, I offer suggestions for operationalizing the metacoupling framework and discuss the need for new policy, governance, and management for a sustainable future across the metacoupled world.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration across a metacoupled world

Liu¹

2017

E&S

191

168

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“…In particular, satellite Earth observation has been used to (1) detect species and assemblages (more recently also functional diversity, [30]), (2) classify the type, extent and variety of habitats [31], and (3) to directly measure ecosystem conditions and functions (e.g., vegetation carbon pools and losses, 135 [32,33].…”

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confidence: 99%

Priorities to Advance Monitoring of Ecosystem Services Using Earth Observation

Cord

Brauman

Chaplin‐Kramer

et al. 2017

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

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109

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Abstract:Managing ecosystem services in the context of global sustainability policies requires reliable monitoring mechanisms. While satellite Earth observation offers great promise to support this need, significant challenges remain in quantifying connections between ecosystem functions, ecosystem services and human well-being benefits. Here, we provide a framework showing how 30Earth observation together with socio-economic information and model-based analysis can support assessments of ecosystem service supply, demand and benefit, and illustrate this for three services. We argue that the full potential of Earth observation is not yet realized in ecosystem service studies. To provide guidance for priority setting and to spur research in this area, we propose five priorities to advance the capabilities of Earth observation-based monitoring of 35 ecosystem services in the future. Main TextThe importance of monitoring ecosystem services Human population growth, changing lifestyles and growing demands for natural resources (e.g., 40food, clean water, fertile soils and timber) put the world's ecosystems under increasing pressure[1], often with unfavorable impacts on their capacity to provide ecosystem services -the benefits people obtain from nature (see Glossary). By emphasizing this critical role of nature in securing human well-being [2], the ecosystem service framework integrates the various components of socio-ecological systems and can be used to develop sustainable strategies [3]. However, 45operationalizing and predicting the relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem functions, ecosystem services and human well-being (e.g., [4,5]) to aid in decision-making is difficult and 3 requires detailed understanding of specific ecosystems as well as generalizations born of comparisons among similar systems [6].Monitoring the global status and trends of ecosystem services is crucial for policy and 50 management. Such reporting is mandated by a suite of recent multilateral political agreements and (inter)national assessments that have adopted the ecosystem service framework, e.g., the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity & Ecosystem Services -IPBES [2], the Aichi Biodiversity Targets [7], the EU Biodiversity Strategy [8], and the recent US memorandum directing federal agencies to factor ecosystem services into planning and decision-making [9]. 55Monitoring trends will also be critical to evaluate the extent to which ecosystem services can help countries meet the new standards set by the recently adopted United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs; [10]) -which more fully integrate the three pillars of sustainable development (social, economic, and environmental). However, we currently lack indicators and monitoring approaches for ecosystem services and their change that can be compared worldwide numerical simulation models [13]. For example, the question 'How can remote sensing-derived products be used to value and monitor changes in ecosystem services?' was included in a list of the 10 major ways that...

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“…Calcula-se que o montante de carbono emitido devido aos efeitos de borda pelas florestas tropicais corresponde a 9-24% da perda anual de carbono devido ao desmatamento (van der Werf et al, 2009;Pan et al, 2011;Baccini et al, 2012;Ciais et al, 2013). Ainda assim, a ação de efeitos de borda é em geral desconsiderada no balanço de carbono na vegetação (Putz et al, 2014).…”

Section: Paisagem E Carbonounclassified

“…Resultados de simulação sugerem que as mudanças estruturais na floresta entram em equilíbrio após 100 anos de criação das bordas e que a maior parte das mudanças acontece nos primeiros 30 anos, com 50% de perda de carbono (Putz et al, 2014). Para fragmentos localizados na Amazônia, estima-se que a redução na biomassa pode chegar à metade após quatro anos de ruptura da floresta e 80% após apenas 10 anos (Numata et al, 2009).…”

Section: Paisagem E Carbonounclassified

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Modulação do estoque de carbono em paisagens fragmentadas da Mata Atlântica em função dos efeitos de borda

Carvalho¹

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ii Dedicatória À minha mãe iii Epígrafe "Our posturings, our imagined self-importance, the delusion that we have some privileged position in the Universe, are challenged by this point of pale light. Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this vastness, there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves. It is up to us. It's been said that astronomy is a humbling, and, I might add, a character-building experience. To my mind, there is perhaps no better demonstration of the folly of human conceits than this distant image of our tiny world. To me, it underscores our responsibility to deal more kindly and compassionately with one another and to preserve and cherish that pale blue dot, the only home we've ever known." Carl Sagan. Pale Blue Dot iv AgradecimentosEu peço ajuda à Wikipedia, por que não, para compor meus agradecimentos.Segundo esta obra-prima da internet, a gratidão "em um sentido mais amplo, pode ser explicada como reconhecimento abrangente pelas situações e dádivas que a vida lhe proporcionou e ainda proporciona". Eu reconheço plenamente que os últimos 28 meses foram cheios desse sentimento. Por isso, gostaria de agradecer a quem contribuiu para isso. Obrigado Ana Clara, Gustavo e Nulo! Obrigado é claro aos professores do programa por proporcionarem um ambiente rico ao aprendizado e ao enriquecimento pessoal e profissional! É realmente inspirador. Finalmente, sou muito grato aos proprietários das terras que nos permitiram entrar e fazer este trabalho.Depois desta primeira rodada de agradecimentos, quero fazer uma menção honrosa ao Time do Carbono; composto, não necessariamente em ordem de importância, por mim, Isa e Ká. Valeu meninas! Também quero destacar aqui minha família e meus amigos outros que não estes da Ecologia. Não cito nomes um a um, não porque cada um de vocês não foi tão importante quanto às pessoas supracitadas, mas, pura e simplesmente porque vocês não lerão o que está aqui escrito. Agradeço imensamente também aos meus padrinhos pelo suporte fundamental.Por último, deixo aqui registrado: que GRANDE experiência foi esta. GRATIDÃO Índice Introdução Geral 3 Capítulo único 12Abstract 12

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Long-term carbon loss in fragmented Neotropical forests

Cited by 148 publications

References 50 publications

Integration across a metacoupled world

Integration across a metacoupled world

Priorities to Advance Monitoring of Ecosystem Services Using Earth Observation

Modulação do estoque de carbono em paisagens fragmentadas da Mata Atlântica em função dos efeitos de borda

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