Long-term behavioral sensitization to apomorphine is independent of conditioning and increases conditioned pecking, but not preference, in pigeons

Anselme, Patrick; Edes, Neslihan; Tabrik, Sepideh; Güntürkün, Onur

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.037

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Also, there is more chance for a random-ratio schedule to be preferred to a fixed-ratio schedule if the mean number of responses required for food is elevated (Madden et al 2005), because in that case, the items quickly received make a clear-cut difference with the fixed option. Dopaminergic drugs may increase the preference for variable-ratio over fixed-ratio schedules (Johnson et al 2011; see also Anselme et al 2018), probably because these drugs increase the motivational salience of immediate rewards while having almost no effect on delayed rewards.…”

Section: Psychology and Neuroscience: Food Unpredictability Promotes mentioning

confidence: 99%

How foraging works: Uncertainty magnifies food-seeking motivation

Anselme

Güntürkün²

2018

Behav Brain Sci

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Food uncertainty has the effect of invigorating food-related responses. Psychologists have noted that mammals and birds respond more to a conditioned stimulus that unreliably predicts food delivery, and ecologists have shown that animals (especially small passerines) consume and/or hoard more food and can get fatter when access to that resource is unpredictable. Are these phenomena related? We think they are. Psychologists have proposed several mechanistic interpretations, while ecologists have suggested a functional interpretation: the effect of unpredictability on fat reserves and hoarding behavior is an evolutionary strategy acting against the risk of starvation when food is in short supply. Both perspectives are complementary, and we argue that the psychology of incentive motivational processes can shed some light on the causal mechanisms leading animals to seek and consume more food under uncertainty in the wild. Our theoretical approach is in agreement with neuroscientific data relating to the role of dopamine, a neurotransmitter strongly involved in incentive motivation, and its plausibility has received some explanatory and predictive value with respect to Pavlovian phenomena. Overall, we argue that the occasional and unavoidable absence of food rewards has motivational effects (called incentive hope) that facilitate foraging effort. It is shown that this hypothesis is computationally tenable, leading foragers in an unpredictable environment to consume more food items and to have higher long-term energy storage than foragers in a predictable environment.

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Section: Psychology and Neuroscience: Food Unpredictability Promotes mentioning

confidence: 99%

How foraging works: Uncertainty magnifies food-seeking motivation

Anselme

Güntürkün²

2018

Behav Brain Sci

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“…At the synaptic level, administration of various kinds of NMDA receptor antagonists increases the extracellular levels of glutamate (Moghaddam et al, 1997; Adams and Moghaddam, 1998; Moghaddam and Adams, 1998; Lorrain et al, 2003) and dopamine (Carlsson and Carlsson, 1989; Carrozza et al, 1992; Keefe et al, 1992; Martínez-Fong et al, 1992; Lorrain et al, 2003) in PFC and striatum. Importantly, evidence with pigeons also suggests that systemically elevated dopamine receptor activity increases the pecking responses to the stimulus that is predictive of food delivery (Anselme et al, 2018). Jointly, the above-mentioned evidence makes it likely that increased pecking to the rewarded “target” as observed in the current study results from APV-induced hyperactivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blocking NMDA-Receptors in the Pigeon’s Medial Striatum Impairs Extinction Acquisition and Induces a Motoric Disinhibition in an Appetitive Classical Conditioning Paradigm

Gao

Pusch

Güntürkün

2019

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The medial striatum of birds resembles the mammalian dorsal striatum, which plays a key role in the extinction of learned behavior. To uncover the variant and invariant neural properties of extinction learning across species, we use pigeons as an animal model in an appetitive extinction paradigm. Here, we targeted a medial sub-region of the pigeon’s striatum that receives executive, visual and motor pallial projections. By locally antagonizing the N -methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors through 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerianacid (APV) during extinction, we observed an unspecific disinhibition effect, namely an increase in conditioned pecking to a rewarded control stimulus. In addition, blocking the NMDA receptors substantially deteriorated the extinction acquisition, implying that the pigeons still responded vigorously to the CS- even without food reward during extinction. After correcting for the unspecific effect of APV, the impaired extinction acquisition remained significant, which leads to the assumption that the delayed extinction effect is possibly caused by deficits in the updating of value coding of altered reward contingencies. Also, the APV-induced disinhibition seems to result from local hyperactivity that primarily drives actions towards cues of high appetitive value. The overall correspondence of our results with those from mammals suggests common neural substrates of extinction and highlights the shared functionality of the avian and mammalian dorsal striatum despite 300 million years of independent evolution.

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“…The subjective value of a reward decreases hyperbolically when the time between a response and reward delivery increases (Cardinal, 2006;Estle, Green, Myerson, & Holt, 2006;Mazur, 1987). Nevertheless, finding delay values for which variability is not advantageous, and hence is not preferred to constancy, remains possible (Anselme, Edeş, Tabrik, & Güntürkün, 2018). The same reasoning also applies to random-ratio schedules since the opportunity to receive a reward after a small number of responses is equivalent to its possible delivery after a short delay (e.g., Day, Jones, Wigthtman, & Carelli, 2010;P.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 97%

Uncertainty processing in bees exposed to free choices: Lessons from vertebrates

Anselme¹

2018

Psychon Bull Rev

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Bees tend to avoid or to show indifference to uncertain ("risky") relative to certain ("safe") food rewards, whether in nectar volume or in nectar concentration. The unattractiveness of uncertain food rewards is also sometimes independent of the energy budget of bees. This pattern of responses seems to differ from that observed in mammals and birds, which may exhibit a strong preference for the uncertainty over the certainty of food delivery on a given trial in dual-choice tasks. Upon analysis of the conditions that determine preference and aversion for uncertain food rewards in "higher" vertebrates, I attempt to demonstrate that bees react to uncertainty in a similar way. It is argued that, because of their social organization and of the type of resources they seek, bees are essentially exposed to situations in which "higher" vertebrates find reward uncertainty unattractive as well. The nature of their representation of food distribution is discussed, and it is suggested that scout bees may differ from recruits with respect to uncertainty processing.

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Long-term behavioral sensitization to apomorphine is independent of conditioning and increases conditioned pecking, but not preference, in pigeons

Cited by 5 publications

References 95 publications

How foraging works: Uncertainty magnifies food-seeking motivation

How foraging works: Uncertainty magnifies food-seeking motivation

Blocking NMDA-Receptors in the Pigeon’s Medial Striatum Impairs Extinction Acquisition and Induces a Motoric Disinhibition in an Appetitive Classical Conditioning Paradigm

Uncertainty processing in bees exposed to free choices: Lessons from vertebrates

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