Long-term base cation weathering rates in forested catchments of the Canadian Shield

Augustin, Fougère; Houle, Daniel; Gagnon, Christian; Courchesne, François

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.01.016

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…described in previous studies (Houle et al, 2012b;Augustin et al, 2015aAugustin et al, , 2016. In this region, the Canadian Shield is composed of bedrocks formed during the Precambrian, which consists mainly of igneous (granite, syenite, anorthosite) and metamorphic (gneiss, granitic gneiss, paragneiss) rocks.…”

Section: Study Sites and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Soil sampling was conducted during the summer and fall of 2001 and 2002. Details about sampling procedure can be found elsewhere (Augustin et al, 2015a;Marty et al, 2015Marty et al, , 2017. Briefly, three soil pits were dug to a depth of about 1 m within each site.…”

Section: Study Sites and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This model requires several input data, such as climate conditions, soil properties (e.g., mineralogical composition, specific surface area, soil moisture, soil temperature) and vegetation cover characteristics. Data acquisition methods regarding soil properties and site characteristics for the 21 watersheds were described elsewhere (Houle et al, 2012b;Augustin et al, 2015a). Only a brief description is provided here for some parameters.…”

Section: Soil Solution Chemistry and Mineral Weathering Rate Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Climate Change on Soil Hydro-Climatic Conditions and Base Cations Weathering Rates in Forested Watersheds in Eastern Canada

Houle

Marty

Augustin

et al. 2020

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Increases in mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) are projected for north eastern North America, which will alter soil hydroclimatic conditions and hence the rate of many soil processes. Among them, chemical weathering of soil minerals is an essential source of base cations (BC) which controls the acid-base status of surface waters and is crucial for forest nutrition. In this modeling study, MAAT and MAP projections from a regional and a global climate models were first used to project changes in soil temperature (MAST) and soil water content (SWC) with the ForStem and ForHym models for 21 eastern Canadian forested catchments. The models predicted an increase in MAST by 2.03-2.05 • C and 2.87-3.42 • C for the 2041-2070 and 2071-2100 periods, respectively, and a small decrease (<5%) in SWC. In a second step, these projected changes in MAST and SWC were used to estimate changes in BC weathering rates (WR) and soil pH with the geochemical model PROFILE. The simulations indicated that BC WR would increase by 13-15% and 20-22% for the 2041-2070 and 2071-2100 periods, respectively. The increase in BC WR was accompanied by an increase not only in base cation concentrations, but also in soil pH at most sites, suggesting that future temperature increase has the potential to ameliorate the acid-base status and the fertility of soils in eastern Canada through its impact on WR.

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Section: Study Sites and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Study Sites and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Solution Chemistry and Mineral Weathering Rate Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Climate Change on Soil Hydro-Climatic Conditions and Base Cations Weathering Rates in Forested Watersheds in Eastern Canada

Houle

Marty

Augustin

et al. 2020

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…If these conditions were established—at the required solute concentration level, for the appropriate duration and in the presence of precursor minerals—in the mineral soil located under the ash layer, the geochemical system of this well circumscribed soil environment would have favored the formation of smectite. Once established, these conditions could have been maintained for decades or centuries because the intensity of soil leaching and weathering reactions were slow under the prevailing cold climate (Augustin, Houle, Gagnon, & Courchesne, ). These considerations on the origin of smectite in Ae horizons do not constitute a physical proof of the past presence of ashes, and thus of a hearth, at Kruger 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of smectite in the soil of the Kruger 2 archaeological site, Brompton (Québec), Canada

2019

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Kruger 2 is unique among Late Paleoindian sites of eastern Canada because of the presence of a potential hearth (feature #1) characterized by a concentration of blackened fire-cracked rock and burnt bone embedded in a thick Ae horizon.Comparative mineralogical analysis (X-ray diffraction) of Ae samples collected inside and outside the feature reveal the absence of calcite and apatite, two minerals commonly found in ashes, and the presence of smectite in the Ae inside feature #1.Smectite genesis is attributed to the weathering of mica and chlorite under geochemical conditions (high base cations, Si and pH; low Al) that are unique in time and space. We hypothesize that these conditions were created by the dissolution, 10,000 years ago, of a layer of hearth ashes resting on an incipient soil.Results confirm the intense weathering of mica and chlorite. We also show that ash dissolution could generate the conditions for smectite formation in the presence of altered mica and chlorite, allowing the development of a chronology explaining this finding. The data largely support our hypothesis and constitute a strong basis for future investigations on the links between hearth ash weathering and smectite genesis in acidic soils. K E Y W O R D Sashes, eluvial Ae horizon, hearth, Late Paleoindian, mineralogy, smectite

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“…organic matter to acquire nitrogen and phosphorus (Marschner, 2011;Reed et al, 2011). In fact, at the watershed scale, many studies have shown that trees can increase mineral dissolution rates (Berner et al, 2003;Calvaruso et al, 2009;Calvaruso et al, 2014;Augustin et al, 2015) compared to rates observed for rock areas that are bare or lichen-or moss-covered (Berner et al, 2003).…”

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews and syntheses: On the roles trees play in building and plumbing the Critical Zone

Brantley¹,

Eissenstat²,

Marshall³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Trees, the most successful biological power plants on earth, build and plumb the critical zone (CZ) in ways that we do not yet understand. To encourage exploration of the character and implications of interactions between trees and soil in the CZ, we propose nine hypotheses that can be tested at diverse settings. Depending upon one's disciplinary background, many of the hypotheses may appear obviously true or obviously false. We infer from this lack of agreement that the following nine hypotheses are important and must be tested to advance critical zone science. (1) Tree roots can only physically penetrate and biogeochemically comminute the immobile substrate underlying mobile soil when that underlying substrate is fractured or pre-weathered. (2) In settings where the depth of weathered material, H, is large, trees primarily shape the CZ through biogeochemical reactions within the rooting zone. (3) In forested uplands, the thickness of mobile soil, h, can evolve toward a steady state because of feedbacks related to root disruption and tree throw. (4) In settings where h&#8201;<<&#8201;H and the rate of uplift and erosion are low, the uptake of phosphorus into trees is buffered by the fine-grained fraction of the soil, and the ultimate source of this phosphorus is dust. (5) In settings of limited water availability, trees maintain the highest density of functional roots at depths where water can be extracted over most of the growing season with the least amount of energy expenditure. (6) Trees grow the majority of their roots in the zone where the most growth-limiting resource is abundant, but they also grow roots at other depths to forage for other resources and to hydraulically redistribute those resources to depths where they can be taken up more efficiently. (7) Trees rely on matrix water in the unsaturated zone that at times may have an isotopic composition distinct from the gravity-drained water that transits from the hillslope to groundwater and streamflow. (8) Mycorrhizal fungi can use matrix water directly but trees can only use this water by accessing it indirectly through the fungi. (9) Even trees growing well above the valley floor of a catchment can directly affect stream chemistry where changes in permeability near the rooting zone promote intermittent zones of water saturation and downslope flow of water to the stream.

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Long-term base cation weathering rates in forested catchments of the Canadian Shield

Cited by 13 publications

References 74 publications

Impact of Climate Change on Soil Hydro-Climatic Conditions and Base Cations Weathering Rates in Forested Watersheds in Eastern Canada

Impact of Climate Change on Soil Hydro-Climatic Conditions and Base Cations Weathering Rates in Forested Watersheds in Eastern Canada

The origin of smectite in the soil of the Kruger 2 archaeological site, Brompton (Québec), Canada

Reviews and syntheses: On the roles trees play in building and plumbing the Critical Zone

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