Long-term athletic training does not alter age-associated reductions of left-ventricular mid-diastolic lengthening or expansion at rest

Abstract

Purpose The interaction of ageing and exercise training status on left-ventricular (LV) peak strain is unclear. Additionally, strain analysis across the entire cardiac cycle facilitates a more detailed assessment of deformation, yet this has not been implemented to characterize the ageing LV and in association with training status. This study investigated healthy ageing and training status on LV systolic and diastolic strain utilizing novel echocardiographic applications. Methods Forty healthy males were included and allocated into four groups; young recreationally active (Y RA, n = 9; 28 ± 5 years), old recreationally active (O RA , n = 10; 68 ± 6), young trained (Y T, n = 10; 27 ± 6 years), and old trained (O T , n = 11, 64 ± 4 years) groups. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography was performed to ascertain peak LV longitudinal and circumferential strain (base and apex) strain within each myocardial layer and at 5% increments across the cardiac cycle. Results Older groups had lower diastolic longitudinal lengthening and circumferential expansion between 40-85% middiastole, regardless of training status (P < 0.05). Whereas, strain throughout systole was similar between groups (P > 0.05). Longitudinal and circumferential (base and apex) peak and layer-specific strain did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Novel applications of diastolic strain revealed lower age-associated LV longitudinal lengthening and circumferential expansion in older age. Yet, diastolic strain profiles did not differ based on chronic habits of exercise training and, thus, older trained men did not demonstrate an attenuation of age-associated differences in mid-diastolic LV strain. Keywords Ageing • Mechanics • Exercise • Speckle-tracking echocardiography • Ventricular strain Abbreviations BMI Body mass index BSA Body surface area ECG Electrocardiography HR Heart rate LV Left ventricle LVEDD Left-ventricular end-diastolic diameter LVEDV Left-ventricular end-diastolic volume LVMi Left-ventricular Mass Index SR A Late diastolic strain rate SR E Early diastolic strain rate SR S Systolic strain rate STE Speckle tracking echocardiography SV Stroke volumė V0 2 max Maximal oxygen consumption Communicated by I. Mark Olfert.

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