Long-term and short-term effects of simulated birth trauma, cesarean and vaginal delivery on sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the urethra of female rats

Abstract

There is a change in sulfated glycosaminoglycans in female rat urethra during pregnancy and simulated birth trauma.

The molecular effects of electrical stimulation on the muscle components of the urethra of female rats after trauma by vaginal distention

“…On the contrary, low-frequency tonic currents stimulate the slow motoneurons and the fast-contraction fibers are converted to slowcontraction fibers. [6][7][8] Although the use of EST for SUI is well explored, 3 little is known about the biochemical and molecular effects of the electric current in the urethra that may explain the clinical benefits of the therapy mainly related to the muscular function.…”

“…The training of the pelvic floor muscle can be done with transvaginal electrical stimulation therapy (EST) stimulating reinnervation of injured muscles using high‐frequency phasic electric current resembling the shots of the rapid motoneurons, transforming the slow‐contracting fibers into fast‐contracting fibers. On the contrary, low‐frequency tonic currents stimulate the slow motoneurons and the fast‐contraction fibers are converted to slow‐contraction fibers …”

Glycosaminoglycans of Abdominal Skin After Massive Weight Loss in Post-bariatric Female Patients

“…Less is known about changes in another of the matrix components of skin-the GAGs-which play an important role in cell behavior [34,35] The main GAGs found in human skin are hyaluronic acid and dermatan sultafe, whereas heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate are found in much smaller amounts, as we could confirm [34]. Dermatan sulfate, the predominant GAG in connective tissue, has a role in fibrillogenesis and tissue structure, increases the stability of collagen fibers and thereby affects the strength of tissues [34,36]. Considering the clinical evidence of macroscopic differences within dermal structure of massive weight loss patients, compared with non-bariatric patients [27], one could expect differences in dermatan sulfate concentrations in skin; however, we found no statistical difference.…”