Long-term analysis of the shrinkage and swelling of clayey soils in a climate change context by numerical modelling and field monitoring

Assadollahi, Hossein; Nowamooz, Hossein

doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103763

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…It is manifested in the low water resistance of soil aggregates (Zhang, 1994), resulting in a significantly contrasting aeration regime in technozems, when the state of excessive soil aeration during its drying is replaced by a state of soil air deficit during its moistening (Kochiieru et al, 2020). This changes the conditions of soil respiration of the root systems of plants and soil animals (Ben-Noah & Friedman, 2018), and also disrupts the integrity of root systems due to the alternation of soil swelling and shrinkage (Assadollahi & Nowamooz, 2020). A common feature of techno-soils is their significant fracturing, which results in the topsoil, where organic matter is usually concentrated, constantly falling into large cracks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which index is better for assessing the success of reclamation: Naturalness or hemeroby?

Podpriatova,

Kunakh,

Zhukov

2023

Biosys. divers.

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The destruction of soil and vegetation caused by mining, if not prevented through careful planning, is usually extreme, as the original ecosystems have been grossly disturbed or buried in the mining process. A radical reconstruction is therefore necessary. In nature, this happens through the well-known processes of primary succession, without human intervention. In the interests of the economy and the preservation of our natural resources, reclamation should try to involve the same processes. When planning reclamation, it is crucial to clearly define goals, objectives and success criteria to allow for systematic reclamation. The need for methods to assess the effectiveness in achieving environmental and social goals is increasing, especially if agricultural land is to be restored. Over time, reclamation goals may need to be modified depending on the direction of the reclamation succession. The reclamation of mined areas requires the application of monitoring tools to understand the achievement of potential success. This problem can be solved by studying the biodiversity of plant communities and soil factors of mining areas as habitats in industrialized post-mining landscapes. Thus, the reclamation of territories disturbed by industrial activities is planned with the need to correct the trajectory of the restoration process, so it requires indicators that can be used to monitor the success of the planned process. The article tests the following hypotheses: 1) the dynamics of the reclamation process can be monitored using the indices of naturalness and hemeroby; 2) at the initial stages of reclamation, the hemeroby index has an advantage due to its greater sensitivity in this range of anthropogenic transformation levels. The plant community formed as a result of spontaneous growth of the reclamation sites was represented by 70 species of vascular plants. The projective vegetation cover was 22.0 ± 0.30%. In one test plot, 8.4 ± 0.1 plant species were found. The analysis of the synoptic phytosociological table revealed that the vegetation cover of the reclamation site was represented by nine associations from the vegetation classes Artemisietea vulgaris and Stellarietea mediae. The hemeroby of the communities averaged 85.0 ± 0.22. The lowest level of hemeroby was found within the Cirsio-Lactucetum serriolae association. The average level of hemeroby was found for the associations Medicagini lupulinae-Agropyretum repentis, Ambrosio artemisiifoliae-Cirsietum setosi and Carduo acanthoidis-Onopordetum acanthi. The highest level of hemeroby was found for the associations Agropyretum repentis and Convolvulo arvensis-Agropyretum repentis. The highest level of hemeroby was observed in those plant communities formed on lithozems on the red-brown clays, and the lowest formed on the pedozems. A negative correlation was found between hemeroby and naturalness for all lithozems. No statistically significant correlation was found for pedozems. For the classification of associations, environmental factors such as salt content in the soil solution, nitrogen content, ombroclimate, light regime, and naturalness are of greatest importance. The traditional application of the hemeroby scale is to assess the level of anthropogenic transformation of an ecosystem, i.e. to quantify how far the ecosystem has deviated from its natural state. In our study, we use the hemeroby index to observe how the plant community returns to its natural state, which can be considered as a marker of the effectiveness of the reclamation process. This approach allows us to contrast the indicators of naturalness and hemeroby, which are formally symmetrical: the higher the hemeroby, the lower the naturalness should be. In a wide range of levels of anthropogenic pressure, this pattern is certainly true. The peculiarity of the naturalness index is that it is more sensitive in the range of anthropogenic transformation that occurs at the initial stages of deviation of the natural community from the natural state at low levels of anthropogenic impact. In turn, the hemeroby index is more sensitive to changes in the community under conditions of a high level of anthropogenic transformation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which index is better for assessing the success of reclamation: Naturalness or hemeroby?

Podpriatova,

Kunakh,

Zhukov

2023

Biosys. divers.

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“…In early 2000, investigations started focusing on the interaction between reactive soil and footing systems using 3D FEM (Masia et al 2004;Wray et al 2005;Fredlund et al 2006). A few studies developed coupled hydro-mechanical models combining soil, climate, and structural parameters and inputs to predict ground movement and residential footing deformation using FEM (Zhang 2004(Zhang , 2014Abdelmalak 2007;Shams et al 2018;Assadollahi and Nowamooz 2020). Also, a few investigations proposed novel design methods based on parametric finite element simulations (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Residential Slab Foundation Movement Through a Finite Element-Based Deep Learning Algorithm

et al. 2022

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Deep learning networks were employed to predict the maximum differential deflection of stiffened and waffle rafts due to reactive soil movements, Δmax. Four deep learning networks were used to predict Δmax, these are (1) stiffened rafts on shrinking soil, (2) stiffened rafts on swelling soil, (3) waffle rafts on shrinking soil, and (4) waffle rafts on swelling soil. The deep learning models were used to create design lines, which showed that both soil and structural features strongly influence the stiffened rafts. In contrast, waffle rafts showed a strong dependence on soil features in shrinking soils and beam depth in swelling soils. This demonstrates that the finite element-based deep learning networks captured the effect of the embedment of the beams. The results of the deep learning models led to non-linear design curves, which are disparate from the suggested standard Australian design. These results suggest that increasing the value of beam depth can have a positive or negative impact on the global residential slab depending on the type of substructure and whether the founding reactive soil is shrinking or swelling. Global sensitivity analyses of the deep learning models showed that for stiffened rafts on shrinking soil, the slab length, slab width and active depth zone of reactive soil had the most significant influence on Δmax, whilst for stiffened rafts on swelling soil, the primary drivers are ground movement, beam depth, and slab width. The prediction of Δmax for waffle rafts on shrinking soil was driven by the surface characteristic and mound movements, and the active depth zone, whilst waffle rafts on swelling soil was driven by the beam depth. Overall, the finite element-based deep learning showed the capacity to estimate Δmax in both shrinking and swelling design scenarios for different types of residential footing systems to further understand the characteristic behaviour of shallow residential slab foundations on reactive soils leading to improved designs.

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“…Clayey soils can easily shrink and swell under hot and humid climatic conditions generating differential settlements and in consequence causing structural damage on lightweight constructions [4]. This phenomenon has been studied by different authors in the past years by taking into account coupled and uncoupled behavior of clays interacting with the atmosphere or in contact with building constructions [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Masonry structures with shallow foundations are very vulnerable to this phenomenon in most cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Optical Fiber Sensors for Crack Monitoring in a Masonry Structure during Geotechnical Foundation Remediation

Assadollahi

2021

ACET

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This paper aims to propose a monitoring strategy for the assessment of the efficiency of polyurethane resin injection as a treatment technique in damaged masonry structures. The polyurethane resin injection technique is mainly adapted in repairing shallow foundations by densifying the soil and increasing its bearing capacity. Since the distribution path of this expansive resin into the soil is not well known, it makes it difficult to avoid further structural damage to the buildings. In order to avoid these kinds of additional damages on a cracked masonry structure, a field measurement technique was adapted during geotechnical remediation operations. Fiber Optic Sensors (FOS) were installed on four angles of the building in order to measure the local micro strains of the walls as well as the existing cracks dynamics (openings/closings). A geotechnical investigation survey was also carried out both at laboratory and field scale before and after the treatment process. The mechanical properties of the soil were investigated before and after the remediation process using in-situ dynamic penetrometer test (PANDA test). Results showed that fiber optic sensors are able to capture indirectly the improvements of soil properties in crack dynamics.

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Long-term analysis of the shrinkage and swelling of clayey soils in a climate change context by numerical modelling and field monitoring

Cited by 11 publications

References 53 publications

Which index is better for assessing the success of reclamation: Naturalness or hemeroby?

Which index is better for assessing the success of reclamation: Naturalness or hemeroby?

Prediction of Residential Slab Foundation Movement Through a Finite Element-Based Deep Learning Algorithm

Application of Optical Fiber Sensors for Crack Monitoring in a Masonry Structure during Geotechnical Foundation Remediation

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