Long‐term aerosol measurements in Gran Canaria, Canary Islands: Particle concentration, sources and elemental composition

Gelado-Caballero, M. D.; López-García, Patricia; Prieto, Sandra; Patey, Matthew D.; Collado, Cayetano; Hérnández-Brito, José J.

doi:10.1029/2011jd016646

Cited by 47 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Between t16 and t22, easterly winds transported dust from the Sahara desert to the Canary Islands and the experiment site. Such dust events regularly occur in the study area and can sometimes constitute a considerable source for input of trace nutrients, such as iron (Gelado-Caballero et al, 2012). The total dry deposition flux from t16 to t22 was estimated at ∼230 mg m −2 , which is comparable to other weak dust events in the region (Gelado-Caballero, Personal Communication).…”

Section: Oligotrophic Phasementioning

confidence: 59%

Influence of Ocean Acidification and Deep Water Upwelling on Oligotrophic Plankton Communities in the Subtropical North Atlantic: Insights from an In situ Mesocosm Study

et al. 2017

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Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) causes pronounced shifts in marine carbonate chemistry and a decrease in seawater pH. Increasing evidence indicates that these changes-summarized by the term ocean acidification (OA)-can significantly affect marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles. However, current scientific knowledge is largely based on laboratory experiments with single species and artificial boundary conditions, whereas studies of natural plankton communities are still relatively rare. Moreover, the few existing community-level studies were mostly conducted in rather eutrophic environments, while less attention has been paid to oligotrophic systems such as the subtropical ocean gyres. Here we report from a recent in situ mesocosm experiment off the coast of Gran Canaria in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic, where we investigated the influence of OA on the ecology and biogeochemistry of plankton communities in oligotrophic waters under close-to-natural conditions. This paper is the first in this Research Topic of Frontiers in Marine Biogeochemistry and provides (1) a detailed overview of the experimental design and important events during our mesocosm campaign, and (2) first insights into the ecological responses of plankton communities to simulated OA over the course of the 62-day experiment. One particular scientific objective of our mesocosm experiment was to investigate how OA impacts might differ between oligotrophic conditions and phases of high biological productivity, which regularly occur in response to upwelling of nutrient-rich deep water in the study region. Therefore, we specifically developed a deep water collection system that allowed us to obtain ∼85 m 3 of seawater from ∼650 m depth. Thereby, we replaced ∼20% Taucher et al.Plankton Responses to Upwelling and CO 2 of each mesocosm's volume with deep water and successfully simulated a deep water upwelling event that induced a pronounced plankton bloom. Our study revealed significant effects of OA on the entire food web, leading to a restructuring of plankton communities that emerged during the oligotrophic phase, and was further amplified during the bloom that developed in response to deep water addition. Such CO 2 -related shifts in plankton community composition could have consequences for ecosystem productivity, biomass transfer to higher trophic levels, and biogeochemical element cycling of oligotrophic ocean regions.

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Section: Oligotrophic Phasementioning

confidence: 59%

Influence of Ocean Acidification and Deep Water Upwelling on Oligotrophic Plankton Communities in the Subtropical North Atlantic: Insights from an In situ Mesocosm Study

et al. 2017

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“…These ratios have previously been found to act as useful finger prints of source region (Chiapello et al, 1997;Gelado-Caballero et al, 2012;Guieu et al, 2002;Lafon et al, 2006;Moreno et al, 2006). Additionally, the elemental ratios of have been observed by others (Chiapello et al, 1997).…”

Section: Elemental Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Aerosol measurements over the tropical Northeast Atlantic are limited in both spatial and temporal coverage, with observations restricted to occasional research cruises (Baker et al, 2006;Sarthou et al, 2003;Sholkovitz et al, 2012), land-based observations from the Canary Islands (Gelado-Caballero et al, 2012;Neuer et al, 2004) and a limited number of studies on Cape Verde (e.g. Chiapello et al, 1997;Chiapello et al, 1995;Fomba et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Aerosol time-series measurements over the tropical Northeast Atlantic Ocean: Dust sources, elemental composition and mineralogy

et al. 2015

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The North Atlantic receives the largest dust loading of any of the world's oceans due to its proximity to North African deserts and prevailing wind patterns. The supply of biologically important trace elements and nutrients via aerosols has an important influence on biogeochemical processes and ecosystems in this ocean region. In this study we continuously sampled aerosols between July 2007 and July 2008 at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO), which is situated on an island group close to the North African continent and under the Saharan/Sahelian dust outflow path. The aim of our work was to investigate temporal variations in aerosol concentration, composition and sources in the Cape Verde region over a complete seasonal cycle, and for this purpose we undertook mineralogical and chemical (42 elements ). These observations have been attributed to dust transport occurring in higher altitude air layers and mainly north of the Cape Verde during summer, whilst in winter the dust transport shifts south and occurs in the lower altitude trade winds with consequent greater influence on the Cape Verde region. The elemental composition of the aerosols closely agreed with mean upper crustal abundances, with the exception of elements with pronounced anthropogenic sources (e.g. Zn and Pb) and major constituents of sea water (Na and Mg). A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT3 Mineral analysis showed that clays were the most abundant mineral fraction throughout the whole sampling period, with an increase in quartz and clays during strong dust events and an associated decrease in calcite. This could have important implications for the estimation of release of for exampleFe from mineral dust with clays having a higher Fe solubility than quartz.The elemental composition and mineralogy of aerosol samples collected during the cruise were indistinguishable from those collected at the CVAO during the same period, although mean atmospheric Al was 65% higher at the CVAO than those measured on the ship due to the irregular and uneven nature of dust transport.Air mass back-trajectories showed an important role for southern source regions of the NorthAfrican deserts during summer, with 92.5% of the samples indicating a contribution from the Sahel.Significantly elevated ratios of V, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb with Al were present in samples originating from the Sahel compared with samples with a more northerly origin. This was likely due to enhanced anthropogenic emissions related to the greater population densities in the Sahel compared with the less developed Saharan regions further north.Ratios of other elements and trends in rare earth elements could however not be used to distinguish differences in source regions. Similar source material compositions, the mixing of dust from different regions during transport, and the pooling of samples over a 1-3 day collection period appears to have diluted specific signals from source regions.

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“…The main emission sources of Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd are mobile sources, including gasoline and diesel vehicles (Pacyna and Pacyna, 2001). A previous study suggested that Pb, Cd, Ni, and Zn originate from a common local source (Gelado-Caballero et al, 2012). Although Minguillòn et al (2012) stated high Pb concentrations might be related with thermal processes, they also concluded a factor associated with Zn and Cu from road traffic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ambient Trace Metals Sources in Taichung, Taiwan: Principal Component Analysis

Huang

Chen

Liu

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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There were eight trace metals, including As, Hg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Pb, measured in the total suspended particles collected in central Taiwan using PS-1 samplers at five different sites. Overall, these trace metal concentrations were lower in summer than other seasons, and higher in industrial areas than in wetland. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was utilized to identify the pollutant sources for each site. Three distinct sources were found in this study, and the results suggest that mobile sources were the main factor contributing to Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cr emissions, which were mainly from urban areas and in the vicinity of highways intersections. Within addition, municipal solid waste incinerators are significantly associated with emissions of As, Hg, Cu, and Pb. Finally, smelters were associated with high Hg, As, Fe, and Zn emissions from local industrial areas. However, contributions from two known point sources, a coal-fired power plant and a steeling plant could not be distinguished from the PCA results. This may be due to the prevailing wind directions and limitations of the measurements used in this work. These two sources are located to the west of these sampling sites, while the prevailing wind direction in this area was southwest.

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Long‐term aerosol measurements in Gran Canaria, Canary Islands: Particle concentration, sources and elemental composition

Cited by 47 publications

References 103 publications

Influence of Ocean Acidification and Deep Water Upwelling on Oligotrophic Plankton Communities in the Subtropical North Atlantic: Insights from an In situ Mesocosm Study

Influence of Ocean Acidification and Deep Water Upwelling on Oligotrophic Plankton Communities in the Subtropical North Atlantic: Insights from an In situ Mesocosm Study

Aerosol time-series measurements over the tropical Northeast Atlantic Ocean: Dust sources, elemental composition and mineralogy

Ambient Trace Metals Sources in Taichung, Taiwan: Principal Component Analysis

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