Long‐term aerosol and trace acidic gas collection at Mauna Loa Observatory 1979–1991

Abstract

Marine material contributes only a third of the trace metal mass compared to the crustal contribution. Anthropogenic and biogenic material usually contribute less than 5% of the trace element mass (excluding carbon and sulfate). Sulfate, which was measured by ion chromatography for part of the period, contributes a mass similar to crustal mineral; however, it does not have a strong seasonal pattern. A pollution episode in 1989 increased the budget of several elements by an order of magnitude or more. The trace acidic gas data support the conclusion that marine material in the free troposphere has been weathered, leading to a chlorine depletion in marine particles.

Influence of anthropogenic combustion emissions on the deposition of soluble aerosol iron to the ocean: Empirical estimates for island sites in the North Atlantic

“…The average value for the V/Al (Â100) ratio of oil fly ash is 333 with a range from 67 to 825. marine aerosols, relative to crustal values, is most likely a global-scale feature. Indeed, numerous studies have linked elevated V/Al ratios in marine aerosols to the presence of fuel oil combustion products (e.g., Hoffman et al, 1972;Zoller et al, 1973;Duce et al, , 1983Walsh and Duce, 1976;Rahn, 1981;Chen and Duce, 1983;Husain et al, 1984;Rahn and Lowenthal, 1984;Nriagu and Pacyna, 1988;Arimoto et al, 1995;Holmes and Zoller, 1996;Holmes et al, 1997;Huang et al, 1999Huang et al, , 2001Desboeufs et al, 2005;Jang et al, 2007). In this paper, we explore the possibility of using aerosol V content as a tracer of oil combustion emissions and proxy for aerosol iron solubility, using the AEROCE data set as a specific example.…”

Visibility: Science and Regulation

“…595,596 Even in Antarctica, 542,543 the non-local global (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 equivalent global background was ~0.4 µg/m 3 with substantial dayto-day variability. Levels were somewhat higher at the Mauna Loa Observatory, 554,555 which is usually above the marine layer that collects local pollutants. Polluted Asian air often is observed at that site, however.…”

Long‐range transport of anthropogenic aerosols to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration baseline station at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii

“…Potassium, which is the most abundant crustal element not included in the linear combination, is excluded because it can have a significant nonsoil component that originates from biomass burning [Andreae, 1983;Turn et aL, 1997]. Fine-soil concentrations estimated in this manner are comparable to estimates made using a combination of average crustal elemental ratios [Taylor and McLennan, 1985] and the concentration of a soil reference element such as A1, Si, or Fe [Zieman et al, 1995;Holmes et al, 1997 Although mass closure is not the goal of this paper, a comparison of the gravimetric mass and the sum of species will reveal if the OMH estimates are unrealistically high. For the purposes of this paper, the sum of the species is calculated as the sum of the sulfur species, OMH, soil, and black carbon (BC) estimates.…”