Long-term administration of formic acid to weaners: Influence on intestinal microbiota, immunity parameters and growth performance

Luise, Diana; Motta, Vincenzo; Salvarani, Chiara; Chiappelli, Martina; Fusco, Luciano; Bertocchi, Micol; Mazzoni, Maurizio; Maiorano, Giuseppe; Costa, Leonardo Nanni; Milgen, Jaap van; Bosi, Paolo; Trevisi, Paolo

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.06.015

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Primers’ sequence, amplified fragments’ length and qPCR conditions are reported in Luise et al (). The amplification was carried out in 10 µl overall volume containing 2 µl of cDNA, 8 pmol of each primer and 5 µl of SYBRs Premix Ex TaqTM II (Perfect Real Time; Takara Bio Inc., Shiga, Japan).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Mucine 4 and Fucosyltransferase 1 genetic variants on gut homoeostasis of growing healthy pigs

Luise

Motta

Bertocchi

et al. 2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Putative genetic markers have been associated with ETEC F4 (Mucine 4 [MUC4]; MUC4GG;CG as susceptible; MUC4CC as resistant) and F18 (Fucosyltransferase 1 [FUT1]; FUT1GG;AG as susceptible; FUT1AA as resistant) resistances respectively. In this study, 71 post‐weaning pigs were followed from d0 (35 days old) to d42 (77 days of age) to investigate the effect of MUC4 or FUT1 genotypes on the mid‐jejunal microbiota composition, pigs expression of genes related to inflammation (IL8, GPX2, REG3G, TFF3, CCL20 and LBPI) and glycomic binding pattern profile (Ulex europaeus agglutinin I [UEA] fucose‐binding lectin and peanut agglutinin [PNA] galactose‐specific), and on blood plasma targeted metabolomics profile, faecal score and performance parameters of growing healthy pigs. The MUC4 and FUT1 resistant genotypes improved the pigs’ growth performance and had firmed faecal score susceptible genotypes in d0–d21 period. Pigs with MUC4GG genotype had a higher jejunal expression of genes relate to immune function (CCL20 and REG3G) than MUC4CG and MUC4CC pigs (p < 0.05). MUC4CG pigs had higher expression of TFF3 (implicated in mucosal integrity) than MUC4GG and MUC4CC (p < 0.05). FUT1 influenced the alpha‐ and beta‐jejunal microbial indices. The FUT1AA group had a higher number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to Lactobacillus genus, while FUT1GG group had a higher number of OTUs belonging to Veillonella genus. MUC4CC pigs had lower scores for UEA on brush borders and goblet cells in villi than MUC4GG (p < 0.05). FUT1AA pigs had lower UEA positivity and higher PNA positivity on brush borders and goblet cells than FUT1AG and FUT1GG (p < 0.05). Both FUT1 and MUC4 influenced the metabolic profile of healthy pigs. Results highlight the role of MUC4 and FUT1 on pig intestinal homoeostasis and improved the knowledge regarding the potential interaction between host genetics, gut microbiota composition and host metabolism in a healthy status.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Mucine 4 and Fucosyltransferase 1 genetic variants on gut homoeostasis of growing healthy pigs

Luise

Motta

Bertocchi

et al. 2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…Supplementation of diets with organic acids usually results in a reduction in stomach pH ( Eidelsburger et al., 1992b , Roth et al., 1992a , Radcliffe et al., 1998 ). Formic acid, citric acid, and benzoic acid improved growth rate and feed conversion ratio when included in diets fed weanling pigs ( Guggenbuhl et al., 2007 , Halas et al., 2010 , Papatsiros et al., 2011 , Diao et al., 2016 , Luise et al., 2017 ) and growing pigs ( Giesting and Easter, 1985 ; Suryanarayana et al., 2012 ). Formic acid and its salts had a positive effect on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of protein ( Eckel et al., 1992 ), but not on ileal amino acid digestibility ( Gabert et al., 1995 ) and in fact a reduction in ileal amino acid digestibility has been reported as a result of diet acidification ( Gabert and Sauer, 1995 ).…”

Section: Acidifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dietary benzoic acid has been shown to improve the apparent digestibility of Ca and P in growing pigs ( Sauer et al., 2009 , Bühler et al., 2010 , Xu et al., 2018 ), crude protein in weanling pigs ( Guggenbuhl et al., 2007 , Halas et al., 2010 , Xu et al., 2018 ), and organic matter, crude protein, ether extract and crude fiber in sows ( Kluge et al., 2010 ). Formic acid added to diets for weanling pigs may also increase intestinal microbial diversity and change concentrations of certain intestinal microbes ( Luise et al., 2017 ). It is possible that sources of protein and inclusion levels of acids in the diets are among the reasons for the inconsistent results that have been reported ( Blank et al., 1999 , Kil et al., 2011 ).…”

Section: Acidifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-antibiotic feed additives in diets for pigs: A review

et al. 2018

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A number of feed additives are marketed to assist in boosting the pigs' immune system, regulate gut microbiota, and reduce negative impacts of weaning and other environmental challenges. The most commonly used feed additives include acidifiers, zinc and copper, prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast products, nucleotides, and plant extracts. Inclusion of pharmacological levels of zinc and copper, certain acidifiers, and several plant extracts have been reported to result in improved pig performance or improved immune function of pigs. It is also possible that use of prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast, and nucleotides may have positive impacts on pig performance, but results have been less consistent and there is a need for more research in this area.

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“…Partanen et al investigated the effect of formic acid in growing-finishing pigs and found that it was associated with F/G ratio improvement, faster growth, and a reduced incidence of diarrhea [ 70 ]. The effects of formic acid supplementation appear to be period- and dose-dependent; better positive effects were found during the first period post-weaning, whereas long-term supplementation had only a slight effect on microbiota composition at a relatively high dosage [ 71 ]. Better improvements were obtained with a formic acid-potassium sorbate blend [ 71 ].…”

Section: Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of formic acid supplementation appear to be period- and dose-dependent; better positive effects were found during the first period post-weaning, whereas long-term supplementation had only a slight effect on microbiota composition at a relatively high dosage [ 71 ]. Better improvements were obtained with a formic acid-potassium sorbate blend [ 71 ]. Tsiloyiannis et al showed a positive effect on controlling post-weaning diarrhea [ 22 ].…”

Section: Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplementation of Inorganic, Organic, and Fatty Acids in Pig: A Review

Ferronato

Prandini

2020

Animals

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Reduction of antibiotic use has been a hot topic of research over the past decades. The European ban on growth-promoter use has increased the use of feed additivities that can enhance animal growth performance and health status, particularly during critical and stressful phases of life. Pig farming is characterized by several stressful periods, such as the weaning phase, and studies have suggested that the proper use of feed additives during stress could prevent disease and enhance performance through modulation of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa and microbiome. The types of feed additive include acids, minerals, prebiotics, probiotics, yeast, nucleotides, and phytoproducts. This review focuses on commonly used acids, classified as inorganic, organic, and fatty acids, and their beneficial and potential effects, which are widely reported in the bibliography. Acids have long been used as feed acidifiers and preservatives, and were more recently introduced into feed formulated for young pigs with the goal of stabilizing the stomach pH to offset their reduced digestive capacity. In addition, some organic acids represent intermediary products of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and thus could be considered an energy source. Moreover, antimicrobial properties have been exploited to modulate microbiota populations and reduce pathogenic bacteria. Given these potential benefits, organic acids are no longer seen as simple acidifiers, but rather as growth promoters and potential antibiotic substitutes owing to their beneficial action on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).

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Long-term administration of formic acid to weaners: Influence on intestinal microbiota, immunity parameters and growth performance

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of Mucine 4 and Fucosyltransferase 1 genetic variants on gut homoeostasis of growing healthy pigs

Effect of Mucine 4 and Fucosyltransferase 1 genetic variants on gut homoeostasis of growing healthy pigs

Non-antibiotic feed additives in diets for pigs: A review

Dietary Supplementation of Inorganic, Organic, and Fatty Acids in Pig: A Review

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