In this note, we examine the e¤ects of capital taxation on innovation and economic growth. We …nd that capital taxation has drastically di¤erent e¤ects in the short run and in the long run. An increase in the capital income tax rate has both a consumption e¤ect and a tax-shifting e¤ect on the equilibrium growth rates of technology and output.In the long run, the tax-shifting e¤ect dominates the consumption e¤ect yielding an overall positive e¤ect of capital taxation on steady-state economic growth. However, in the short run, the consumption e¤ect becomes the dominant force causing an initial negative e¤ect of capital taxation on the equilibrium growth rates. These contrasting e¤ects of capital taxation at di¤erent time horizons may provide a plausible explanation for the mixed evidence in the empirical literature on capital taxation and economic growth.