Long-range supersonic propagation of infrasonic noise generated by missiles

Kaschak, George

doi:10.1029/ja074i003p00914

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A number of studies have been undertaken to examine the characteristics of waves generated at this time. For example, throughout the 1960s infrasonic monitoring stations were operated at ground level to detect low-frequency waves (--• 1 Hz) produced during launches [Donn et al, 1968;Fehr, 1968;Kaschak, 1969]. The signals from the ascents were detected up to 1500 km from the launch site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…likely occurred over a finite interval along the flight path of the vehicle. Thermodynamic effects [e.g.,Blumen and Hendl, 1969;Banks, 1977; Roble et al, 1978], acoustic waves[Donn et al, 1968;Fehr, 1968;Kaschak, 1969], shock fronts [e.g.,Chimonas and Hines, 1970;Arendt, 1971], and moving masses[Lipovskii, 1980; Grigor'ev and $avina, 1982] are all associated with the launching of a spacecraft and could be responsible for the formation of any part of the wave train observed over Arecibo. The speed of the TID will be found and used to identify the likely wave modes which arrived first.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A large‐amplitude traveling ionospheric disturbance excited by the space shuttle during launch

Noble¹

1990

J. Geophys. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ionosphere was monitored during the fourth space shuttle (STS 4) launch in June 1982 by the Arecibo incoherent scatter radar. A long‐lived, large‐amplitude, traveling ionospheric disturbance with dominant wave modes of ∼15 and 75 min was observed shortly after the launch. The disturbance wave train is likely the product of a variety of wave modes. The disturbance front traveled with an average group speed of >628 m/s. Such speeds are typical of fast moving shock waves and ducted gravity waves. Either one or both could be responsible for the signatures observed near the leading edge of the STS 4 wave train. Later arriving waves, with their inherently lower propagation speeds, are attributed to additional gravity wave modes. These waves, however, were not explicity identified in this study. Although atmospheric waves are excited along the entire flight path, the most intense region of excitation is located along a relatively short flight segment (∼70 km) near the launch site where all primary thrusters are firing and over 70% of the propellants are expended. Not since the nuclear bomb tests of the late 1950s and early 1960s has an artificial source of atmospheric gravity waves been more available for upper atmospheric studies. The routine launching of high thrust vehicles provides an excellent opportunity to observe the propogation characteristics of atmospheric waves under controlled conditions and to acquire information on the nature of the upper atmosphere.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A large‐amplitude traveling ionospheric disturbance excited by the space shuttle during launch

Noble¹

1990

J. Geophys. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Infrasonic signals from rockets of frequencies from a few Hertz to fractions of a Hertz, have been reported by many investigators (Donn et al 1968;Kaschak 1969;Fehr 1968;Kaschak, Donn & Fehr 1970;Balachandran & Donn 1971). Signals have been detected at distances of the order of lo00 km from both the launch and re-entry stages of Saturn rockets launched at Cape Kennedy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Characteristics of Infrasonic Signals from Rockets

Balachandran

Donn

2010

Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infrasound has been recorded at long range from the launch and the re-entry of the first stage booster of Saturn V rockets. Detailed study has been made with the use of an acoustic ray-tracing procedure that involved actual temperature and wind data at the launch site and along the propagation path. Details of signal arrival times and duration are shown to be controlled by the nature of the ground-based sound channel, which in turn is determined by the atmospheric structure below about 60 km. Fluctuations in signal amplitudes are explained on the basis of interference of acoustic rays.

show abstract

“…Previous studies on infrasound from rocket launches were performed during the early years of space missions (Balachandran & Donn, 1971; Balachandran et al., 1971; Cotten & Donn, 1971; Donn et al., 1968, 1971, 1975; Kaschak, 1969; Kaschak et al., 1970; McCarty & Dalins, 1971; Tahira & Donn, 1983). Many of them cover infrasound observations of the Saturn V rocket starts for the Apollo program, up to now the largest and heaviest space launches ever performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1001 Rocket Launches for Space Missions and Their Infrasonic Signature

Pilger

Hupe

Gaebler

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infrasound array processing is applied to monitor and characterize atmospheric explosions in the context of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. Anyhow, for many infrasound sources the exact location and time are initially unknown and sometimes difficult to precisely estimate afterwards. In contrast, rocket launches are well-defined groundtruth events generating strong infrasonic signatures. During the last decade, the number of rocket launches for sending satellites into Earths orbit and for reaching space strongly increased. We collected ground-truth information for 1001 rocket launches from 27 global spaceports between 2009 and mid 2020 and were able to identify infrasound signatures from up to 73% of the launches on the International Monitoring System of infrasound stations. We use these unique data to estimate the global detectability of such events, to characterize rocket infrasound, to derive an amplitude-energy relation, and to provide the results for further use as a ground-truth reference in geophysical and atmospheric research.

show abstract

Long-range supersonic propagation of infrasonic noise generated by missiles

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

A large‐amplitude traveling ionospheric disturbance excited by the space shuttle during launch

A large‐amplitude traveling ionospheric disturbance excited by the space shuttle during launch

Characteristics of Infrasonic Signals from Rockets

1001 Rocket Launches for Space Missions and Their Infrasonic Signature

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About