Long-range signal interactions in V2 neurons of macaque monkeys.

Zhang, Bin; Maruko, Ichiro; Bai, Hua; Watanabe, Ichirô; Zheng, Jianghe; Smith, Earl L.; Chino, Yuzo M.

doi:10.1167/4.8.273

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…We examined two properties of the visual system to evaluate the hierarchical maturation hypothesis that visual areas develop sequentially from low-, to mid-, to high-level areas (Bourne and Rosa, 2006;Condé, Lund, and Lewis, 1996;Distler, Bachevalier, Kennedy, Mishkin, and Ungerleider, 1996;Gomez, Natu, Jeska, Barnett, and Grill-Spector, 2018;Kiorpes, 2016;Zhang, Zheng, Watanabe, Maruko, Bi, Smith, and Chino, 2005). First, we examined the presence and development of visual areas by defining their boundaries with meridian mapping.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One hypothesis is that visual cortex develops hierarchically (Bourne and Rosa, 2006), with lowlevel areas (such as V1) maturing first, followed by mid-level areas (such as V2-V4), and then high-level areas (such as LO and PHC) (Bourne and Rosa, 2006;Condé, Lund, and Lewis, 1996;Distler, Bachevalier, Kennedy, Mishkin, and Ungerleider, 1996;Gomez, Natu, Jeska, Barnett, and Grill-Spector, 2018;Kiorpes, 2016;Zhang, Zheng, Watanabe, Maruko, Bi, Smith, and Chino, 2005). By maturation, we consider the emergence of an organized retinotopic map of visual space that defines the tuning and boundaries of an area (i.e., arealization).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Visual behaviors thought to rely primarily on V1, such as orientation discrimination and spatial frequency discrimination (Banks, Stephens, and Hartmann, 1985;Braddick, Wattam-Bell, and Atkinson, 1986), are present in rudimentary form near birth. More complex visual behaviors thought to depend on V2-V4 and interconnectivity between visual areas (Burkhalter, Bernardo, and Charles, 1993;Kiorpes and Bassin, 2003;Zhang, Zheng, Watanabe, Maruko, Bi, Smith, and Chino, 2005), such as contour integration (Baker, Tse, Gerhardstein, and Adler, 2008;Kovacs, Kozma, Feher, and Benedek, 1999), develop up to a year later. Indeed, the receptive field properties of high-level visual areas continue to develop during childhood, whereas those of low-and mid-level visual areas do not (Gomez, Natu, Jeska, Barnett, and Grill-Spector, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinotopic organization of visual cortex in human infants

Ellis

Yates

Skalaban

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Vision develops rapidly during infancy, yet how visual cortex is organized during this period is unclear. One possibility is that the retinotopic organization of visual cortex emerges gradually as perceptual abilities improve. This may result in a hierarchical maturation of visual areas from striate to extrastriate cortex. Another possibility is that retinotopic organization is present from early infancy. This early maturation of area boundaries and tuning could scaffold further developmental changes. Here we test the functional maturity of infant visual cortex by performing retinotopic mapping with fMRI. Infants aged 5-23 months had retinotopic maps, with alternating preferences for vertical and horizontal meridians indicative of area boundaries from V1 to V4, and an orthogonal gradient of preferences from high to low spatial frequencies indicative of growing receptive field sizes. Although present in the youngest infants, these retinotopic maps showed subtle age-related changes, suggesting that early maturation undergoes continued refinement.

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