Long Range SigFox Communication Protocol Scalability Analysis Under Large-Scale, High-Density Conditions

Lavric, Alexandru; Petrariu, Adrian I.; Popa, Valeríu

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2903157

Cited by 152 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The individual gateway forwards the received data to the Sigfox cloud using secure IP connections. The cloud is responsible for data management and data processing before sending it to the application server for further processing [ 50 ].…”

Section: Lpwan Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on the Security of Low Power Wide Area Networks: Threats, Challenges, and Potential Solutions

Alimi

Ouahada

Abu‐Mahfouz

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Low power wide area network (LPWAN) is among the fastest growing networks in Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. Owing to varieties of outstanding features which include long range communication and low power consumption, LPWANs are fast becoming the most widely deployed connectivity standards in IoT domain. However, this promising network are exposed to various security and privacy threats and challenges. For reliable connectivity within networks, the security and privacy challenges need to be effectively addressed with proper mitigation protocol in place. In this paper, a comprehensive review on the security feature of LPWAN is presented. The paper mainly focuses on analyzing LPWAN’s key cybersecurity architecture and it present a significant emphasis on how the LPWAN is highly attractive to intruders and attackers. This paper aims at summarizing recent research works on key LPWAN security challenges such as replay attack, denial-of-service attack, worm hole attack, and eavesdropping attack, the effect of the attacks, and most importantly the various approaches proposed in the literature for the attacks’ mitigation. The paper concludes by highlighting major research gaps and future directions for the successful deployment of LPWAN.

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Section: Lpwan Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on the Security of Low Power Wide Area Networks: Threats, Challenges, and Potential Solutions

Alimi

Ouahada

Abu‐Mahfouz

et al. 2020

Sensors

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show abstract

“…From the presented results, it can be seen the collision number contributes to the dramatically decrease in the performance level of the LoRa communication. Thus, this aspect, which cannot be overlooked, needs to be carefully addressed and further analyzed when a high level of performance for a high-density large-scale type network is mandatory [30].…”

Section: Lora Modulation Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

LoRa Traffic Generator Based on Software Defined Radio Technology for LoRa Modulation Orthogonality Analysis: Empirical and Experimental Evaluation

Lavric¹,

Petrariu²,

Coca³

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The digital revolution has changed the way we implement and use connected devices and systems by offering Internet communication capabilities to simple objects around us. The growth of information technologies, together with the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT), exponentially amplified the connectivity capabilities of devices. Up to this moment, the Long Range (LoRa) communication technology has been regarded as the perfect candidate, created to solve the issues of the IoT concept, such as scalability and the possibility of integrating a large number of sensors. The goal of this paper is to present an analysis of the communication collisions that occur through the evaluation of performance level in various scenarios for the LoRa technology. The first part addresses an empirical evaluation and the second part presents the development and validation of a LoRa traffic generator. The findings suggest that even if the packet payload increases, the communication resistance to interferences is not drastically affected, as one may expect. These results are analyzed by using a novel Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology LoRa traffic generator, that ensures a high-performance level in terms of generating a large LoRa traffic volume. Despite the use of orthogonal variable spreading factor technique, within the same communication channel, the collisions between LoRa packets may dramatically decrease the communication performance level.

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“…LPWAN is a class of wireless standard that has becoming a promising technology for supporting the growing of Internet of Things paradigm mainly because of its low power, long range, and low-cost communication characteristics [23,24,8]. Among the main LPWAN technologies are NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) [9], SigFox [10], and LoRaWAN [11], described next.…”

Section: Lpwan Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deployment of a Lorawan Network and Evaluation of Tracking Devices in the Context of Smart Cities

Camargo

Spanhol

Souza

2020

Preprint

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Recent public cooperation between the Federal University of Technology Paraná and Toledo Municipality plans to implement the concept of smart cities in this city. In this context, one of the applications under development intends to track the recyclable garbage collector trucks in real time over the Internet. Actually, fleet vehicle tracking is one of the main applications for smart cities. LoRaWAN stands out among network technologies for smart cities due to operating in an open frequency range, covering long distances with low power consumption and low equipment cost. However, the coverage and performance of LoRaWAN is directly affected by both the environment and configuration parameters. In addition, tracking devices must be able to send its coordinates to the Internet even when the vehicle goes through zones where there are obstacles for electromagnetic waves, such as elevated buildings or valleys. In this paper we perform experimental investigations to evaluate four LoRaWAN tracking devices, two out of the box commercial and two assembled and programmed. The behavior of each tracking device is analyzed when moving through three representative urban areas. As the devices depend on the quality of the signal offered by the network, we also present the results of the development and evaluation of the LoRaWAN network, planning its coverage throughout the city. Results of tracking devices were analyzed under quantitative and qualitative aspects, including the received signal strength indication (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), package delivery ratio (PDR), and spreading factor (SF) for the geographic coordinates received.

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Long Range SigFox Communication Protocol Scalability Analysis Under Large-Scale, High-Density Conditions

Cited by 152 publications

References 15 publications

A Survey on the Security of Low Power Wide Area Networks: Threats, Challenges, and Potential Solutions

A Survey on the Security of Low Power Wide Area Networks: Threats, Challenges, and Potential Solutions

LoRa Traffic Generator Based on Software Defined Radio Technology for LoRa Modulation Orthogonality Analysis: Empirical and Experimental Evaluation

Deployment of a Lorawan Network and Evaluation of Tracking Devices in the Context of Smart Cities

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