Long-Range Search Sonar Part II. The 10-KC System

Saxton, H. L.; Wilson, Mark; Baker, H. R.

doi:10.21236/ada457767

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…70,71 Treatment Supportive Care and Respiratory Support Currently, best practices for supportive management of acute hypoxic respiratory failure and ARDS should be followed. [72][73][74] Evidencebased guideline initiatives have been established by many countries and professional societies, [72][73][74] including guidelines that are updated regularly by the National Institutes of Health. 74 More than 75% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 require supplemental oxygen therapy.…”

Section: Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of corticosteroids for viral pneumonia and ARDS have yielded mixed results. 72,73 However, the Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy (RECOVERY) trial, which randomized 2104 patients with COVID-19 to receive 6 mg daily of dexamethasone for up to 10 days and 4321 to receive usual care, found that dexamethasone reduced 28-day all-cause mortality (21.6% vs 24.6%; ageadjusted rate ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.74-0.92]; P < .001). 95 The benefit was greatest in patients with symptoms for more than 7 days and patients who required mechanical ventilation.…”

Section: Targeting the Virus And The Host Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Wiersinga

Rhodes

Cheng

et al. 2020

JAMA

4,349

4,322

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IMPORTANCEThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, due to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a worldwide sudden and substantial increase in hospitalizations for pneumonia with multiorgan disease. This review discusses current evidence regarding the pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and management of COVID-19.OBSERVATIONS SARS-CoV-2 is spread primarily via respiratory droplets during close face-to-face contact. Infection can be spread by asymptomatic, presymptomatic, and symptomatic carriers. The average time from exposure to symptom onset is 5 days, and 97.5% of people who develop symptoms do so within 11.5 days. The most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. Radiographic and laboratory abnormalities, such as lymphopenia and elevated lactate dehydrogenase, are common, but nonspecific. Diagnosis is made by detection of SARS-CoV-2 via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing, although false-negative test results may occur in up to 20% to 67% of patients; however, this is dependent on the quality and timing of testing. Manifestations of COVID-19 include asymptomatic carriers and fulminant disease characterized by sepsis and acute respiratory failure. Approximately 5% of patients with COVID-19, and 20% of those hospitalized, experience severe symptoms necessitating intensive care. More than 75% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 require supplemental oxygen. Treatment for individuals with COVID-19 includes best practices for supportive management of acute hypoxic respiratory failure. Emerging data indicate that dexamethasone therapy reduces 28-day mortality in patients requiring supplemental oxygen compared with usual care (21.6% vs 24.6%; age-adjusted rate ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.74-0.92]) and that remdesivir improves time to recovery (hospital discharge or no supplemental oxygen requirement) from 15 to 11 days. In a randomized trial of 103 patients with COVID-19, convalescent plasma did not shorten time to recovery. Ongoing trials are testing antiviral therapies, immune modulators, and anticoagulants. The case-fatality rate for COVID-19 varies markedly by age, ranging from 0.3 deaths per 1000 cases among patients aged 5 to 17 years to 304.9 deaths per 1000 cases among patients aged 85 years or older in the US. Among patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit, the case fatality is up to 40%. At least 120 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are under development. Until an effective vaccine is available, the primary methods to reduce spread are face masks, social distancing, and contact tracing. Monoclonal antibodies and hyperimmune globulin may provide additional preventive strategies.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE As of July 1, 2020, more than 10 million people worldwide had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Many aspects of transmission, infection, and treatment remain unclear. Advances in prevention and effective management of COVID-19 will require basic and clinical investigation and public health and clinical interventions.

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Section: Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Targeting the Virus And The Host Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Wiersinga

Rhodes

Cheng

et al. 2020

JAMA

4,349

4,322

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The target strength of several guppy submarines was measured at 10 and at '7 kc. These measurements were made during the fourth and sixth operating periods, on the following Aug. 13-15, 1951 Feb. [4][5][6][7][8]1952 Feb. 26- 23,1952 In the August 1951 tests, observations were made in the Key West area in water 100-400 fathoms deep with the USS CHOPPER (SS-342) as the target. The measurements were made at 10 kc with the USS GUAVINA, the measuring vessel, circling at approximately 1000 yards.…”

Section: Target Strengthjmentioning

confidence: 99%