Long-Range LiDAR and Free-Space Data Communication With High-Performance Optical Phased Arrays

Poulton, Christopher V.; Byrd, Matthew J.; Russo, Peter; Timurdogan, Erman; Khandaker, Murshed; Vermeulen, Diedrik; Watts, Michael R.

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2019.2908555

Cited by 415 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The large number of phase shifters required for large-scale PICs, already reaching the hundreds [105], requires exceptional device performance in terms of optical loss (insertion loss, IL), power consumption, and footprint. In addition, applicationdependent figures such as tuning curve linearity, IL variation with actuation, bandwidth, maximum actuation voltage, and induced noise may also be significant.…”

Section: A Phase Shiftersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simulations yielded a variable coupling efficiency from 30 to 40% and a tuning speed up to 200 kHz. As a comparison, last-generation optical phased arrays (OPAs) based on plasma dispersion phase shifters feature Δθ/δθ of 500, with tuning speeds in the order of 30 kHz, at the expense power consumption and footprint that were orders of magnitude larger [105]. Improved performance can potentially be achieved by MEMS actuator design focused on stability and long displacements, and higher speeds through larger spring constants.…”

Section: Grating Couplersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MEMS for Photonic Integrated Circuits

Errando-Herranz

Takabayashi

Edinger

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

102

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Section: A Phase Shiftersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Grating Couplersmentioning

confidence: 99%

MEMS for Photonic Integrated Circuits

Errando-Herranz

Takabayashi

Edinger

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

102

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“…Integrated optical phased arrays (OPAs) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], inspired by phased-array radars, perform versatile beamsteering, such as random-access pointing and focusing on regions of interest, as well as sequential scanning. They are suitable for applications such as LiDAR [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], image projection [3,[14][15][16] and optical communication [12,17,18]. In contrast to mechanical scanning, OPAs have the additional advantage of being compact and capable of high-speed response, allowing their functionality to be adapted to other systems such as 2D image sensors.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-chip 2D beam-steering with a liquid-crystal-tunable optical phased array

Nakamura¹,

Hashiya²,

Nomura³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Optical phased arrays (OPAs) with the ability of dynamic beam-steering hold great promise for industrial applications. Although they potentially offer high-resolution, high-speed and wide-angle beam-steering, 2D beam-steering has only been achieved by 1D OPAs with wavelength-tuning or by 2D OPAs containing enormous numbers of elements, thereby significantly increasing the system complexity and power consumption. Here we demonstrate a liquid-crystal-tunable Bragg-reflector waveguide outcoupler integrated with a 1D OPA. The output beam angle is controlled by an electric-field applied to the liquid crystal between the Bragg-mirrors, independently from steering along a second axis with the OPA. Our proof-of-concept demonstration with an 8-channel OPA shows 2D beam-steering with a 16° × 15° field-of-view and 12 ms × 14 μs time-response. Our approach opens a practical way for scalable OPAs capable of single wavelength 2D beam-steering, as well as demonstrating a strategy for the integration of liquid crystal materials with silicon photonics.

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“…Silicon photonic optical phased arrays (OPAs) are promising candidates for future solid-state beam steering systems [11][12][13]. An OPA is an array of optical emitters, in which the light radiated by each emitter interferes constructively to create a radiation pattern in the far field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CMOS-Compatible Measures for Thermal Management of Phase-Sensitive Silicon Photonic Systems

2020

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To date, several photonic applications have been demonstrated without considerable thermal management efforts. However, in phase-sensitive photonic applications, thermal management becomes of utmost importance. Thermal management of photonic systems requires not only efficient heat dissipation, but also reduction of on-chip temperature gradients. Particularly in highly integrated systems, in which several components are integrated within a single photonic integrated circuit, the reduction of on-chip temperature gradients is necessary to guarantee the correct functionality of the system. Due to their high integration density as well as their extreme temperature sensitivity, optical phased arrays are ideal examples of a system, where thermal management is required. Ideally, thermal management solutions of such systems should not require additional power for operation. Therefore, it is desired to improve the heat dissipation and to reduce temperature gradients by structural modifications of the photonic circuit. Furthermore, to cope with the advantages of silicon photonics, thermal management solutions must be compatible with series fabrication processes. In this work, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible measures for thermal management of silicon photonic integrated circuits are proposed and validated by characterization of in-house fabricated thermal demonstrators. The proposed concepts are extremely efficient not only in reducing temperature gradients, but also in improving the heat dissipation from integrated heat sources.

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Long-Range LiDAR and Free-Space Data Communication With High-Performance Optical Phased Arrays

Cited by 415 publications

References 40 publications

MEMS for Photonic Integrated Circuits

MEMS for Photonic Integrated Circuits

On-chip 2D beam-steering with a liquid-crystal-tunable optical phased array

CMOS-Compatible Measures for Thermal Management of Phase-Sensitive Silicon Photonic Systems

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