Long-range interactions between Rydberg atoms

Deiglmayr, Johannes

doi:10.1088/0031-8949/91/10/104007

Cited by 18 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…The operatorĤ int captures the interaction between the two Rydberg electrons, the two ionic cores, and the Rydberg electron of one atom and the ionic core of the other atom. This is the standard treatment of two interacting Rydberg atoms which is discussed in similar detail in [80,84,89,90]. Because the hyperfine splitting of Rydberg levels is much smaller than typical interaction energies [115][116][117], we use the fine-structure basis.…”

Section: A Hamiltonianmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calculation of Rydberg interaction potentials

Weber

Tresp

Menke

et al. 2017

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

162

145

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The strong interaction between individual Rydberg atoms provides a powerful tool exploited in an ever-growing range of applications in quantum information science, quantum simulation, and ultracold chemistry. One hallmark of the Rydberg interaction is that both its strength and angular dependence can be fine-tuned with great flexibility by choosing appropriate Rydberg states and applying external electric and magnetic fields. More and more experiments are probing this interaction at short atomic distances or with such high precision that perturbative calculations as well as restrictions to the leading dipole-dipole interaction term are no longer sufficient. In this tutorial, we review all relevant aspects of the full calculation of Rydberg interaction potentials. We discuss the derivation of the interaction Hamiltonian from the electrostatic multipole expansion, numerical and analytical methods for calculating the required electric multipole moments, and the inclusion of electromagnetic fields with arbitrary direction. We focus specifically on symmetry arguments and selection rules, which greatly reduce the size of the Hamiltonian matrix, enabling the direct diagonalization of the Hamiltonian up to higher multipole orders on a desktop computer. Finally, we present example calculations showing the relevance of the full interaction calculation to current experiments. Our software for calculating Rydberg potentials including all features discussed in this tutorial is available as open source. * weber@itp3.uni-stuttgart.de † hofferberth@sdu.dk arXiv:1612.08053v2 [quant-ph]

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Section: A Hamiltonianmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For obtaining a small basis size, we start with strong constraints and loosen them systematically until the pair potentials of the unperturbed state have converged within the distance threshold we are interested in. The convergence is extensively discussed in [84].…”

Section: E Matrix Diagonalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of Rydberg interaction potentials

Weber

Tresp

Menke

et al. 2017

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

162

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…From calculated exchange, penetration and relativistic corrections, the ionization energy E I and the energies of a set of states E(n, l), the energy contribution of the ion-core polarizability can be determined directly from Eqs. (5) and (6). A linearization of Eq.…”

Section: B Determination Of Dipole and Quadrupole Polarizabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision measurement of the ionization energy and quantum defects ofK39i

et al. 2019

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We present absolute-frequency measurements in ultracold 39 K samples of the transitions from the 4s 1/2 ground state to np 1/2 and np 3/2 Rydberg states. A global nonlinear regression of the np 1/2 and np 3/2 term values yields an improved wave number of 35 009.813 971 0(22)sys(3)stat cm −1 for the first ionization threshold of 39 K and the quantum defects of the np 1/2 and np 3/2 series. In addition, we report the frequencies of selected one-photon transitions n s 1/2 ← np 3/2 , n dj ← np 3/2 , n f j ← ndj and n g j ← nfj and two-photon transitions nf j ← npj determined by millimeter-wave spectroscopy, where j is the total angular momentum quantum number. By combining the results from the laser and millimeter-wave spectroscopic experiments, we obtain improved values for the quantum defects of the s 1/2 , d 3/2 , d 5/2 , fj and gj states. For the dj series, the inverted fine structure was confirmed for n ≥ 32. The fine-structure splitting of the f series is less than 100 kHz at n = 31, significantly smaller than the hydrogenic splitting, and the fine structure of the g series is regular for n ≥ 30, with a fine-structure splitting compatible with the hydrogenic prediction. From the measured quantum defects of the f and g series we derive an estimate for the static dipole α d and quadrupole αq polarizabilities of the K + ion core. Additionally, the hyperfine splitting of the 4s 1/2 ground state of 39 K was determined to be 461.719 700(5) MHz using radio-frequency spectroscopy and Ramsey-type interferometry.

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“…Under these conditions, each Rydberg molecule undergoes an excitonic interaction with its nearest neighbour [48][49][50][51], either a Rydberg molecule in a different high-n, high-l electronic state or an ion in the field formed by the quasi-continuum of electrons bound to multiple charge centres. Importantly, every such interaction in the bifurcated plasma randomly pairs two molecules in different excited states to define a unique, resonant close-coupled interaction.…”

Section: Bifurcation As Quench: Transition To a State Of Arrested Relmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrested relaxation in an isolated molecular ultracold plasma

et al. 2017

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Spontaneous avalanche to plasma splits the core of an ellipsoidal Rydberg gas of nitric oxide. Ambipolar expansion first quenches the electron temperature of this core plasma. Then, long-range, resonant charge transfer from ballistic ions to frozen Rydberg molecules in the wings of the ellipsoid quenches the centre-of-mass ion/Rydberg molecule velocity distribution. This sequence of steps gives rise to a remarkable mechanics of self-assembly, in which the kinetic energy of initially formed hot electrons and ions drives an observed separation of plasma volumes. These dynamics adiabatically sequester energy in a reservoir of mass transport, starting a process that anneals separating volumes to form an apparent glass of strongly coupled ions and electrons. Short-time electron spectroscopy provides experimental evidence for complete ionization. The long lifetime of this system, particularly its stability with respect to recombination and neutral dissociation, suggests that this transformation affords a robust state of arrested relaxation, far from thermal equilibrium.

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Long-range interactions between Rydberg atoms

Cited by 18 publications

References 97 publications

Calculation of Rydberg interaction potentials

Calculation of Rydberg interaction potentials

Precision measurement of the ionization energy and quantum defects ofK39i

Arrested relaxation in an isolated molecular ultracold plasma

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