Long noncoding RNAs: A novel insight in the leukemogenesis and drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common hematological disorder with heterogeneous nature that resulted from blocked myeloid differentiation and an enhanced number of immature myeloid progenitors. During several decades, different factors, including cytogenetic, genetic, and epigenetic have been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of AML by inhibiting the differentiation and ensuring the proliferation of myeloid blast cells. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been considered as potential diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic factors in different human malignancies including AML. Altered expression of lncRNAs is correlated with the transformation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells into leukemic blast cells because of their distinct role in the key cellular processes. We discuss the significant role of lncRNAs in the proliferation, survival, differentiation, leukemic stem cells in AML and their involvement in different molecular pathways (insulin-like growth factor type I receptor, FLT3, c-KIT, Wnt, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase-B, microRNAs), and associated mechanisms such as autophagy, apoptosis, and glucose metabolism. In addition, we aim to highlight the role of lncRNAs as reliable biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and drug resistance for precision medicine in AML.

Long non‐coding RNA long intergenic non‐protein coding RNA 1232 promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion in bladder cancer via modulating miR‐370‐5p/PIM3 axis

“…The functional assays demonstrated that down‐regulation of LINC01232 suppresses BC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Former study has verified that LINC01232 acts as an oncogene in cancers (Jiang et al., 2019; Kirtonia et al., 2021). Our findings also confirmed that LINC01232 serves as an oncogene in BC cells.…”

“…Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of RNA containing over 200 nucleotides, which cannot be translated into proteins (St Laurent et al., 2015). In the recent decade, lncRNAs have been confirmed to be involved in tumorigenesis (Jiang et al., 2019; Kirtonia et al., 2021). Importantly, a host of reports have highlighted the regulatory roles of lncRNAs in the progression of multiple cancers (Chen & Shen, 2020; Jin et al., 2021).…”

“…Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of RNA containing over 200 nucleotides, which cannot be translated into proteins (St Laurent et al, 2015). In the recent decade, lncRNAs have been confirmed to be involved in tumorigenesis (Jiang et al, 2019;Kirtonia et al, 2021).…”

NCP-BiRW: A Hybrid Approach for Predicting Long Noncoding RNA-Disease Associations by Network Consistency Projection and Bi-Random Walk

“…In recent decades, however, lncRNAs have attracted growing attention from researchers worldwide owing to the discovery of their critical biological functions. Increasing numbers of lncRNAs have been identified in eukaryotes ( Guttman et al, 2009 ) and abnormal lncRNA expression has been shown to cause many human diseases, including nervous system diseases ( Qureshi and Mehler, 2013 ; Chen et al, 2021 ), cardiovascular diseases ( Bhatti et al, 2021 ; Xie et al, 2021 ), various cancers ( Amelio et al, 2021 ; Taniue and Akimitsu, 2021 ), autoimmune diseases ( Lodde et al, 2020 ; Zeni and Mraz, 2021 ), and blood diseases ( Wei et al, 2013 ; Kirtonia et al, 2021 ). Therefore, searching for possible lncRNA-disease associations may facilitate the elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis of human diseases and could be relevant in disease diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and treatment in the clinical setting.…”

Targeting Cancer Stem Cells by Dietary Agents: An Important Therapeutic Strategy against Human Malignancies

“…These strategies have been partially advantageous in improving overall survival and prognosis of cancer patients. However, cancer is still a challenge for healthcare providers and new attempts should be made in this case [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”