Long Non-Coding RNAs as Master Regulators in Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for nearly one in every seven deaths. Over the last decade, various targeted therapeutics have been introduced, but there has been no corresponding improvement in patient survival. Since the mortality rate of cardiovascular disease has not been significantly decreased, efforts have been made to understand the link between heart disease and novel therapeutic targets such as non-coding RNAs. Among multiple non-coding RNAs, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has emerged as a novel therapeutic in cardiovascular medicine. LncRNAs are endogenous RNAs that contain over 200 nucleotides and regulate gene expression. Recent studies suggest critical roles of lncRNAs in modulating the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases. For example, aberrant lncRNA expression has been associated with the pathogenesis of ischemic heart failure. In this article, we present a synopsis of recent discoveries that link the roles and molecular interactions of lncRNAs to cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, we describe the prevalence of circulating lncRNAs and assess their potential utilities as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of heart disease.

Inhibition of the lncRNA Mirt1 Attenuates Acute Myocardial Infarction by Suppressing NF-κB Activation

“…Hundreds of lncRNAs have been reported to play important roles in cardiovascular diseases, particularly in ischemic cardiomyopathy [24, 25]. Our study demonstrated the functions of the novel lncRNA Mirt1 identified in a previous study [11] in AMI mice.…”

Emerging role of hydrogen sulfide-microRNA crosstalk in cardiovascular diseases

“…Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), RNAs with Ͼ200 nucleotides, are emerging as regulators of genes, miRNAs, and proteins involved in CVD (5,60,71,119). Transcriptome analyses show distinct patterns of lncRNA profiles in heart failure conditions (82,86), yet lncRNA-mediated regulation of H 2 S or any effect of H 2 S on lncRNAs is an open area for investigation.…”

Long non-coding RNA ENST00000457645 reverses cisplatin resistance in CP70 ovarian cancer cells

“…As the development of biochips and sequencing technologies has advanced, it has become apparent that lncRNAs play critical roles in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases (Archer et al, 2015;Kawasaki et al, 2016). Although lncRNAs do not encode proteins, they do regulate a variety of genes that participate in cell signaling, controlling the expression of further genes, and cellular activities such as chromatin modification, epigenetic marking, and protein folding and activation (Froberg et al, 2013;Bassett et al, 2014).…”