Long Non-coding RNAs Are Differentially Expressed After Different Exercise Training Programs

Abstract

Background: Molecular regulation related to the health benefits of different exercise modes remains unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as an RNA class with regulatory functions in health and diseases. Here, we analyzed the expression of lncRNAs after different exercise training programs and their possible modes of action related to physical exercise adaptations. Methods: Public high-throughput RNA-seq data (skeletal muscle biopsies) were downloaded, and bioinformatics analysis was performed. We primarily analyzed data reports of 12 weeks of resistance training (RT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and combined (CT) exercise training. In addition, we analyzed data from 8 weeks of endurance training (ET). Differential expression analysis of lncRNAs was performed, and an adjusted P-value < 0.1 and log2 (fold change) ≥0.5 or ≤−0.5 were set as the cutoff values to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs). Results: We identified 204 DELs after 12 weeks of HIIT, 43 DELs after RT, and 15 DELs after CT. Moreover, 52 lncRNAs were differentially expressed after 8 weeks of ET. The lncRNA expression pattern after physical exercise was very specific, with distinct expression profiles for the different training programs, where few lncRNAs were common among the exercise types. LncRNAs may regulate molecular responses to exercise, such as collagen fibril organization, extracellular matrix organization, myoblast and plasma membrane fusion, skeletal muscle contraction, synaptic transmission, PI3K and TORC regulation, autophagy, and angiogenesis. Conclusion: For the first time, we show that lncRNAs are differentially expressed in skeletal muscle after different physical exercise programs, and these lncRNAs may act in various biological processes related to physical activity adaptations.

Modulation and bioinformatics screening of hepatic mRNA-lncRNAs (HML) network associated with insulin resistance in prediabetic and exercised mice

“…The remarkable thing is that the study Bonilauri (2020) reported that exercise-induced lncRNAs correlated with genes in these pathways: collagen fibril organization, ECM organization, protein complex subunit organization, synaptic transmission (cholinergic), long-term synaptic potentiation, regulation of CDK activity, skeletal system development, and plasma and myoblast fusion [ 48 ]. In Jafarinejad Farsang's study (2021) was shown that the beneficial effect of Exercise on the improvement of cardiac function and reduction of fibrosis in infarcted heart possibly through regulation of the expression of lncRNAs: H19, GAS5, and MIAT [ 49 ].…”

Linking long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and doping detection

“…Recently, we analyzed RNA‐seq data from human skeletal muscle after different exercise modes in young subjects (e.g., high‐intensity interval training, resistance training, endurance training, and combined training), and we were able to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs. We showed lncRNA exercise‐specific expression patterns related to the training type, where only a few lncRNAs were common among the different training programs 47 . Nevertheless, research into lncRNAs expression and function in exercise is in its beginning.…”

“…We showed lncRNA exercisespecific expression patterns related to the training type, where only a few lncRNAs were common among the different training programs. 47 Nevertheless, research into lncRNAs expression and function in exercise is in its beginning. Another major limitation is that available transcriptomic data related to exercise and sports are mostly from microarray assays.…”

Potential Physiological and Cellular Mechanisms of Exercise That Decrease the Risk of Severe Complications and Mortality Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection

“…LncRNAs have been suggested to play an important role in the regulation of immune responses and comorbidities [ 284 ]. Interestingly, lncRNAs have been shown to be differentially expressed in skeletal muscle between different training protocols [ 285 ]. However, the specific roles of lncRNAs in the host response to SARS-CoV-2, or in exercise biology, remain to be investigated.…”