Long Non-Coding RNA Signatures in the Ileum and Colon of Crohn’s Disease Patients and Effect of Anti-TNF-α Treatment on Their Modulation

Abstract

Biological therapies only benefit one-third of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). For this reason, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which biologics elicit their effect on intestinal mucosa is needed. Increasing evidence points toward the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of CD, although their role remains poorly studied. We aimed to characterize lncRNA profiles in the ileum and colon from CD patients and evaluate the effect of anti-TNF-α treatment on their transcription. Terminal ileum and left colon samples from 30 patients (active CD = 10, quiescent CD = 10, and healthy controls (HCs) = 10) were collected for RNA-seq. The patients were classified according to endoscopic activity. Furthermore, biopsies were cultured with infliximab, and their transcriptome was determined by Illumina gene expression array. A total of 678 differentially expressed lncRNAs between the terminal ileum and left colon were identified in HCs, 438 in patients with quiescent CD, and 468 in patients with active CD. Additionally, we identified three new lncRNAs in the ileum associated with CD activity. No differences were observed when comparing the effect of infliximab according to intestinal location, presence of disease (CD vs. HC), and activity (active vs. quiescent). The expression profiles of lncRNAs are associated with the location of intestinal tissue, being very different in the ileum and colon. The presence of CD and disease activity are associated with the differential expression of lncRNAs. No modulatory effect of infliximab has been observed in the lncRNA transcriptome.

The role of long non-coding RNA in Crohn's disease

“…LncRNAs have been demonstrated to serve as regulators of immune response and inflammation in CD. They possess the capability to modulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α [ 52 ] and IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-12 [ 47 ]. LncRNAs such as LUCAT1 have been shown to regulate the activation and polarization of macrophages, which play a crucial role in the inflammatory process [ 24 ].…”