Long non-coding RNA expression profiles in different severity EV71-infected hand foot and mouth disease patients

Abstract

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is associated with the severe hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) outcomes, however the host-virus interaction mechanism and the pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in variety physiological and pathological processes, but the functions of lncRNAs in EV71 infection remain elusive. Here we profiled the expression of lncRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from EV71-infected mild patients, severe patients as well as the healthy controls, and identified 8541 lncRNAs were differentially expressed. Focused on the dynamic changed lncRNAs, we performed systematic bioinformatics analysis with Series Test of Cluster (STC) algorithm, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, pathway analysis and lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analysis, and revealed the potential functions and related pathways of these lncRNAs were associated with immunity and inflammation during the clinical process of EV71-infected HFMD. Among the significant dynamic changed lncRNAs, ten lncRNAs were screened whose expression were further validated in EV71-infected mild patients, severe patients and healthy control. These results shed light on the potential roles of lncRNAs in EV71-infected HFMD, especially in distinguishing the mild and severe cases for early diagnose and treatment, moreover, provide deeper insight into the mechanism of EV71-induced immune and inflammatory responses, as well as the pathogenesis of the imbalanced inflammation in severe EV71 infection.

Characterization of Critical Functions of Long Non-Coding RNAs and mRNAs in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells and Mouse Skeletal Muscle Infected by Enterovirus 71 Using RNA-Seq

“…A recent study showed that hsa-miR-23b could inhibit host EV71 replication through downregulation of the EV71 VP1 protein [ 25 ]. However, prior to the present study the regulation roles of lncRNA in EV71 infection-induced pathogenesis were rarely reported [ 26 , 27 ]. It was previously reported that results from microarray-based transcriptional assays are less accurate and not fully capable of predicting novel lncRNAs [ 28 ].…”

Long noncoding RNAs: Novel regulators of virus‐host interactions

“…In order to systematically study the regulatory effects of the neurotropic enterovirus A71 (EVA71) infection on lncRNAs, Yin et al performed a comprehensive analysis of EVA71‐infected rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells and observed differential expression of greater than 4800 lncRNAs . Similarly, Meng et al identified 8541 differentially expressed lncRNAs in EVA71‐infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells . Also, using the RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) technique, Shi et al identified a total of 760 and 1210 lncRNAs that were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in RD cells infected with Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16).…”

Host relieves lnc‐IRAK3‐3‐sequestered miR‐891b to attenuate apoptosis in Enterovirus 71 infection

“…The lncRNA expression profiles in EV71 infection have been determined, and the differentially expressed lncRNAs were suggested involved in viral pathogenesis explored by lncRNA-mRNA coexpression network Meng et al, 2017;Yin et al, 2013). The altered lncRNAs in EV71 infection were thought to regulate immune and inflammatory responses, protein binding, as well as host component biogenesis and metabolism and could serve as disease progression signatures , Yin et al, 2013.…”