Long Non-Coding RNA Emergence During Renal Cell Carcinoma Tumorigenesis

Abstract

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common kidney cancer diagnosed across the globe and has steadily increased in incidence in recent decades. Techniques for diagnosing or treating RCC are limited, and confined mostly to later stages of the disease. Almost all RCC pathological types are resistant to chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy. To this effect, new markers for diagnosis and target therapy are urgently needed. Advanced genome sequencing technologies have revealed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as a novel marker, transcribed throughout the human genome. The emergence of lncRNAs is an aberrant expression and is involved in the tumorigenesis of RCC. LncRNAs drive cancer phenotypes through their interaction with other cellular macromolecules including DNA, protein, and RNA. Recent research on lncRNA molecular mechanisms has revealed new markers to functionally annotate these cancers’ associated transcripts, making them targets for effective diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in the fight against cancer. In this review, we first highlight the common mechanisms that underlie aberrant lncRNA expression in RCC. We go on to discuss the potential translational application of lncRNA research in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of RCC.

Long Non-coding RNA CCAT1 Acts as an Oncogene and Promotes Sunitinib Resistance in Renal Cell Carcinoma

“…Mounting evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were involved in tumor initiation, proliferation, metastasis, and recurrence. Many lncRNAs triggered abnormal activation of signaling cascades via interacting with chromatin, RNAs, or protein (7). Zhai et al, proved that the association of lncRNA-SARCC and androgen receptor hampered RCC progression by inhibiting AKT-and ERK-dependent pathways post-sunitinib treatment (8).…”

A cluster of long non-coding RNAs exhibit diagnostic and prognostic values in renal cell carcinoma

“…Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), which are >200 nucleotides long, have recently been shown to function as oncogenes or suppressors during tumorigenesis [11]. Apart from functional effects on tumor progression, lncRNAs also exhibit various modulatory roles through different mechanisms, including translation of protein-coding genes, epigenetic transcriptional modulation, remodeling of and interactions with chromatin, genome defense or RNA turnover [12, 13]. Based on these findings, dysregulated expression patterns of lncRNAs in cancer development indicate that these lncRNAs may act as potential molecular biomarkers [14].…”

The ceRNA Network Has Potential Prognostic Value in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Study Based on TCGA Database

“…So, it is significant to find effective biomarkers of ccRCC. In these years, dysregulated mRNAs [ 15 ], miRNAs [ 16 ], and lncRNAs [ 17 ] have been reported in ccRCC. There have been many reports of these RNAs on kidney tumor alone, but the interaction among mRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA is still unclear.…”