Long, narrow all-light atom guide

Song, Yueming; Milam, D.; Hill, W. T.

doi:10.1364/ol.24.001805

Cited by 176 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…There are many different kinds of axicons, but probably the most important one is the conical lens. Axicons have been used in several applications as optical element in telescopes for long-range alignment [1], in shearing interferometer with radial displacement [2], for annular focusing in laser machining [3], for the generation of intense non-diffracting beams [4,5].A conical lens has been recently used to produce a hollow laser beam for application in atom trapping [6] and atom guiding [7]. In the field of optical confinement of cold atoms, hollow laser beams have attracted increasing interest (for a review on optical dipole traps see [8]).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A conical lens has been recently used to produce a hollow laser beam for application in atom trapping [6] and atom guiding [7]. In the field of optical confinement of cold atoms, hollow laser beams have attracted increasing interest (for a review on optical dipole traps see [8]).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A collimated hollow beam for atom guiding has been realized in [7]. In that paper they observed that a hollow beam generated by an axicon and a spherical lens has different focal points for the inner and the outer walls; to overcome this problem, additional axicons are required which complicate the experiment.…”

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Axially symmetric hollow beams using refractive conical lenses

Angelis

Cacciapuoti

Pierattini

et al. 2003

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

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We explore the possibility of producing several beam shapes with conical or cylindrical geometry using conical lenses. We discuss optical schemes for generation of hollow laser beams; with 3D intensity distribution surrounding all directions, a dark core region can be obtained. These optical fields are important for the confinement of cold atoms in 2D or 3D blue dipole potentials. r 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. Keywords: Axicon; Optical dipole trapThe conical lens was first used by McLeod [1]; in his work he mentioned the word axicon to describe any refractive or diffractive optical element with a revolution symmetry which images a point source on its axis over a range of points along its axis. There are many different kinds of axicons, but probably the most important one is the conical lens. Axicons have been used in several applications as optical element in telescopes for long-range alignment [1], in shearing interferometer with radial displacement [2], for annular focusing in laser machining [3], for the generation of intense non-diffracting beams [4,5].A conical lens has been recently used to produce a hollow laser beam for application in atom trapping [6] and atom guiding [7]. In the field of optical confinement of cold atoms, hollow laser beams have attracted increasing interest (for a review on optical dipole traps see [8]). Optical dipole traps rely on the interaction of

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Axially symmetric hollow beams using refractive conical lenses

Angelis

Cacciapuoti

Pierattini

et al. 2003

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

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“…Single standing-wave cavity modes are however suitable only for reddetuned (high-field seeking) traps, for the exact cancellation of the forward and backward travelling beams produces nodal surfaces of zero intensity along which dark-field seeking species would escape. Laguerre-Gaussian modes of a travellingwave cavity allow confinement in two dimensions [20][21][22][23], although the translational symmetry prohibits intrinsic axial confinement, which must be provided by additional beams [14].…”

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Cavity-enhanced toroidal dipole force traps for dark-field seeking species

Freegarde

Dholakia

2002

Optics Communications

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Dipole force traps for dark-field seeking states of atoms and molecules require regions of low intensity that are completely surrounded by a brighter optical field. Confocal cavities allow the resonant enhancement of these interesting transverse mode superpositions, and put deep far-off-resonance traps within reach of low-power diode lasers. In this paper, we show how an array of dark-field rings may be created simply using a single Gaussian beam. Such a geometry lends itself to the study of toroidal Bose-Einstein condensates. Ó

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“…Specifically, they can be produced via mode conversion with two-dimensional programmable spatial light modulators (SLM) [10,11] with relatively low intensity (< 1 W) cw laser beams tuned only a few gigahertz to the blue of an atomic resonance. A reasonable scattering rate is maintained because the atoms spend most of their time in the dark [8]. Far-blue detuned operation would essentially eliminate absorption and would be possible at condensate temperatures with high power Ar + laser.…”

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Versatile element for free-space dividing and redirecting neutral-atom clouds

et al. 2007

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We introduce a tunnel lock that can be exploited to divide, delay and alter the direction of traveling clouds of cold atoms. This versatile free-space element is implemented by crossing two atom tunnels formed by low intensity, blue-detuned dark-hollow (Bessel mode) laser beams. We show that clouds of cold 87 Rb atoms initially moving within one tunnel can be transferred to the other by gating the intensities of the two tunnels -a tunnel lock -with an efficiency limited by the overlap volume. The element also can be used to divide a single cloud into smaller clouds each having a distinct momentum. PACS numbers:Controlling the external degrees of freedom of ensembles of neutral atoms is key to realizing a host of future applications from atom interferometry to quantum computing. Achieving durable control requires robust atom optical elements (1) to move ensembles along arbitrary paths and (2) Light-based techniques have been used as well to divide clouds of atoms in free-space. Free-space elements have attractive features not easily realized with contemporary material-based element designs making them potentially versatile compliments to the atom optical element arsenal. Atomic magnetic moments, for example, are not required. More importantly, light-based elements can be formed anywhere in space and modified in real-time, making them compatible with a variety of cold atom sources. Simple elements have been reported with red-detuned TEM 00 modes [6] as have more sophisticated interferometer structures [7]. The development of elements built upon hollow (donut-type) laser modes [8,9] would be particularly useful for a variety of reasons. Specifically, they can be produced via mode conversion with two-dimensional programmable spatial light modulators (SLM) [10,11] with relatively low intensity (< 1 W) cw laser beams tuned only a few gigahertz to the blue of an atomic resonance. A reasonable scattering rate is maintained because the atoms spend most of their time in the dark [8]. Far-blue detuned operation would essentially eliminate absorption and would be possible at condensate temperatures with high power Ar + laser. At high intensities, hollow beams can be generated with axicons, for example [8]. Near resonance operation, suitable for MOT temperature atoms, means the same lasers used to trap the atoms can be used to generate the elements. Detuning can be used, in this case, as a knob to accelerate or slow the ensemble [8]. Finally, as we show in this paper, delay lines and beam dividers can be realized by crossing two hollow tunnels.While free-space neutral atom beam dividers based on crossing two red-detuned TEM 00 (filled) tunnels have been demonstrated [6], similar elements have not been reported for blue-detuned hollow tunnels. This is due in part to the fact that transferring atoms between two crossed blue-detuned hollow tunnels cannot be done passively; a modulation of both tunnel intensities is required. The modulation -gating the intensities on and off -produces a tunnel lock, where the barrier caused by ...

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Long, narrow all-light atom guide

Cited by 176 publications

References 8 publications

Axially symmetric hollow beams using refractive conical lenses

Axially symmetric hollow beams using refractive conical lenses

Cavity-enhanced toroidal dipole force traps for dark-field seeking species

Versatile element for free-space dividing and redirecting neutral-atom clouds

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