Long-lived picture priming in normal elderly persons and 
demented patients

Beatty, William W.; English, Shelley; Winn, Peter

doi:10.1017/s1355617798003361

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Typical repetition priming paradigms have an exposure either immediately followed by the testing phase or with a short delay. However, there were five studies that had a testing phase a year or more after the exposure phase (Beatty et al, 1998 ; Carlesimo et al, 1998 ; Mochizuki-Kawai et al, 2006 ; Ostergaard, 1994 ; Perri et al, 2007 ). A long delay is expected to yield different results when compared to same-day priming experiments, particularly given that individuals with aMCI or AD dementia often decline over time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Repetition Priming in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The literature on repetition priming in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is inconsistent, with some findings supporting spared priming while others do not. Several factors may explain these inconsistencies, including AD severity (e.g., dementia vs. Mild Cognitive Impairment; MCI) and priming paradigm-related characteristics. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a quantitative summary of repetition priming in AD. We examined the between-group standard mean difference comparing repetition priming in AD dementia or amnestic MCI (aMCI; presumably due to AD) to controls. Thirty-two studies were selected, including 590 individuals with AD dementia, 267 individuals with amnestic MCI, and 703 controls. Our results indicated that both individuals with aMCI and AD dementia perform worse on repetition priming tasks than cognitively older adults. Paradigm-related moderators suggested that the effect size between studies comparing the combined aMCI or AD dementia group to cognitively healthy older adults was the highest for paradigms that required participants to produce, rather than identify, primes during the test phase. Our results further suggested that priming in AD is impaired for both conceptual and perceptual priming tasks. Lastly, while our results suggested that priming in AD is impaired for priming tasks that require deep processing, we were unable to draw firm conclusions about whether priming is less impaired in aMCI or AD dementia for paradigms that require shallow processing.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, these results were omitted in the current meta-analysis. This resulted in the exclusion of one study that only reported longitudinal priming effects (Beatty et al, 1998 ). For the other four studies, the short-term priming results were included in the current meta-analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetition Priming in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A secondary goal of this study was to examine the persistence of priming for unfamiliar objects over time in young and older adults. Studies using familiar stimuli have demonstrated priming following extended encoding-to-test delays (e.g., 52 weeks, Beatty, English, & Winn, 1998; 5 years, Kennedy, Rodrigue, & Raz, 2007), but all studies using unfamiliar stimuli tested priming immediately after the encoding phase. Because newly formed memory representations may be less stable over time or more susceptible to interference than representations of familiar words and objects, it is possible that priming for preexperimentally unfamiliar stimuli deteriorates and possibly disappears over time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming of familiar and unfamiliar visual objects over delays in young and older adults.

Soldan¹,

Hilton²,

Cooper³

et al. 2009

Psychology and Aging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although priming of familiar stimuli is usually age invariant, little is known about how aging affects priming of pre-experimentally unfamiliar stimuli. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of aging and encoding-to-test delays (0 min, 20 min, 90 min, and 1 week) on priming of unfamiliar objects in block-based priming paradigms. During the encoding phase, subjects viewed pictures of novel objects (Experiments 1 and 2) or novel and familiar objects (Experiment 3) and judged their left/right orientation. In the test block, priming was measured using the possible/impossible objectdecision test (Experiment 1), symmetric/asymmetric object-decision test (Experiment 2), and real/ non-real object-decision test (Experiment 3). In Experiments 1 and 2, young adults showed priming for unfamiliar objects at all delays, whereas older adults whose baseline task performance was similar to that of young adults did not show any priming. Experiment 3 found no effects of age or delay on priming of familiar objects; however, priming of unfamiliar objects was only observed in the young subjects. This suggests that when older adults cannot rely on pre-existing memory representations, age-related deficits in priming can emerge. KeywordsPerceptual priming; aging; unfamiliar visual objects; implicit memory; object decision test It is well known that normal aging is accompanied by a reduction in explicit memory, or the ability to consciously recall or recognize previously experienced information (Cabeza, Nyberg, & Park, 2005). In contrast, another type of memory, priming, remains relatively intact in healthy older adults (D. A. Fleischman, 2007;D.A. Fleischman & Gabrieli, 1998;Light, Prull, La Voie, & Healy, 2000). Priming is a type of implicit memory and refers to a change in performance (e.g., speed, accuracy, or bias) for a previously encountered stimulus compared to a new stimulus. Priming can occur in the absence of conscious memory for a stimulus and NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript is thought to rely on different neural structures than explicit memory (reviewed in Henson, 2003).Notably, one important theoretical question that has received very little attention in studies of priming is whether intact priming in older adults relies on the existence of pre-existing memory representations. Whereas priming for familiar stimuli is largely based on the reactivation of existing memory representations, priming for novel stimuli has been suggested to be mediated by newly acquired representations (Bowers, 1994(Bowers, , 1996Henson, Shallice, & Dolan, 2000;Schacter, Cooper, & Delaney, 1990). Of the over 100 studies investigating the effects of aging on priming, we are aware of only six studies that used pre-experimentally unfamiliar stimuli (Keane, Wong, & Verfaellie, 2004;Light, Kennison, Prull, LaVoie, & Zuellig, 1996;Light, La Voie, & Kennison, 1995;Schacter, Cooper, & Valdiserri, 1992;Soldan, Gazes, Hilton, & Stern, 2008;Wiggs & Martin, 1994) and all but two them Soldan, Gazes et a...

show abstract

“…Memory for familiar music can be somewhat maintained in AD (19)(20)(21)(22)(23). The ability to respond, recall, or produce music by singing, playing instruments, or composing is often preserved even in the severe stages of AD (24,25). When 7 Tesla functional brain magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) compared AD regions of interest to the brain's response to music excerpts, regions such as the anterior cingulate cortex and ventral pre-supplementary motor area which encoded musical memory corresponded to areas, showed substantially minimal cortical atrophy and minimal disruption of glucose-metabolism (26).…”

Section: Music To Address Ad Neuropsychiatric Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A narrative review of music therapy for neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease and rationale for protocolized music teletherapy

Wang,

Cevasco-Trotter,

Silverman

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) constitutes a major societal problem with devastating neuropsychiatric involvement in over 90% of those diagnosed. The large spectrum of AD neuropsychiatric symptoms leads to polypharmacological prescribing that, in turn, poses a major risk for increased side effects. Non-pharmacological interventions such as music therapy (MT) are therefore recommended as first-line treatments. The amalgamation of an aging population, long lifespan, and shortage of qualified music therapists limits access to MT services for AD.ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper is to provide a rationale for a protocolized music teletherapy (MTT) intervention to increase accessibility for MT as a psychosocial intervention for neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with AD by conducting a narrative review of the existing MT and AD literature.MethodsWe conducted a narrative review of MT and MTT publications indexed in PubMed and Google Scholar wherein authors used the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. We examined the impact of MT on neuropsychiatric symptoms of AD and identified MTT as a way to increase access to clinical services.ResultsMT can have positive impacts on neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD. However, we identified an ensuing need for protocolized MT interventions, access to services, and increased awareness. MTT is an option that can address these needs.DiscussionAlthough MT can have positive effects on neuropsychiatric symptoms and can be beneficial and safe for individuals with AD, the current approach to MT practice is enormously heterogeneous with studies demonstrating variable therapist qualifications, uses of music, therapy approaches, and clinical populations. Congruently, the existing literature indicates that MT has not been standardized with protocolized interventions, making it difficult for clinicians and researchers to objectively assess the evidence, and thus, prescribe MT interventions. The lack of MT standardization, coupled with a low number of music therapists relative to people with AD, result in a lack of awareness that hinders access to MT as a psychosocial treatment for neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with AD. We therefore propose that protocolized MTT interventions are needed to increase access to better address neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with AD.

show abstract

Long-lived picture priming in normal elderly persons and demented patients

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Repetition Priming in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Repetition Priming in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Priming of familiar and unfamiliar visual objects over delays in young and older adults.

A narrative review of music therapy for neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease and rationale for protocolized music teletherapy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About