Long-lived particles at the energy frontier: the MATHUSLA physics case

Curtin, David; Drewes, Marco; McCullough, Matthew; Meade, Patrick; Mohapatra, Rabindra N.; Shelton, Jessie; Shuve, Brian; Accomando, Elena; Alpigiani, C.; Antusch, Stefan; Arteaga‐Velázquez, J. C.; Batell, Brian; Bauer, Martin; Blinov, Nikita; Caballero-Mora, K. S.; Chang, Jae Hyeok; Chun, Eung Jin; Co, Raymond T.; Cohen, Timothy; Cox, Peter; Craig, Nathaniel; Csáki, Csaba; Cui, Yanou; DʼEramo, Francesco; Rose, Luigi Delle; Dev, P. S. Bhupal; Dienes, Keith R.; Dror, Jeff A.; Essig, Rouven; Evans, J.A.; Evans, Jason L.; Téllez, A. Fernández; Fischer, Oliver; Flacke, Thomas; Fradette, Anthony; Frugiuele, Claudia; Fuchs, Elina; Gherghetta, Tony; Giudice, Gian F.; Gorbunov, D.; Gupta, Rick S.; Hagedorn, Claudia; Hall, Lawrence J.; Harris, Philip; Helo, Juan Carlos; Hirsch, Martin; Hochberg, Yonit; Hook, Anson; Ibarra, Alejandro; Ipek, Seyda; Jung, Sunghoon; Knapen, Simon; Kuflik, Eric; Liu, Zhen; Lombardo, Salvator; Lubatti, H. J.; McKeen, David; Molinaro, Emiliano; Moretti, Stefano; Nagata, Natsumi; Neubert, Matthias; No, José Miguel; Olaiya, E.; Pérez, Gilad; Peskin, Michael E.; Pinner, David; Pospelov, Maxim; Reece, Matthew; Robinson, D.; Cahuantzi, M. Rodríguez; Santonico, R.; Schlaffer, M.; Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. H.; Spray, Andrew; Stolarski, Daniel; Vásquez, M. A. Subieta; Sundrum, Raman; Thamm, Andrea; Thomas, Brooks; Tsai, Y. T.; Tweedie, Brock; West, Stephen M.; Young, C.; Yu, Felix; Zaldívar, Bryan; Zhang, Yongchao; Zurek, Kathryn M.; Zurita, José

doi:10.1088/1361-6633/ab28d6

Cited by 351 publications

(461 citation statements)

References 668 publications

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“…If the light scalar S is long-lived, it can also be searched for at the LHC [57] and/or the dedicated long-lived particle (LLP) detectors such as MATHUSLA [58]. At the highenergy colliders, S can be produced from the loop-level gluon fusion process gg → gS via mixing with the SM Higgs, and the cross section can go up to (25 pb) × sin 2 θ [31].…”

Section: Laboratory Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on long-lived light scalars with flavor-changing couplings and the KOTO anomaly

Dev¹,

Mohapatra

Zhang

2020

Phys. Rev. D

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Recently, the KOTO experiment at J-PARC has observed three anomalous events in the flavor-changing rare decay K L → π 0 νν, which indicates that the corresponding branching ratio is almost two orders of magnitude larger than the Standard Model (SM) prediction. Taking this intriguing result at face value, we explore model implications of its viable explanation by a long-lived light SM-singlet scalar (S) emission, i.e. K L → π 0 S, with S decaying outside the KOTO detector. We derive constraints on the parameter space of such a light scalar in the context of three simple models: (i) a real singlet scalar extension of the SM; (ii) a B − L extension where neutrino masses arise via type-I seesaw mechanism from B − L breaking; and (iii) a TeV-scale left-right symmetric model. The flavor-changing couplings needed to explain the KOTO excess in models (i) and (ii) originate from treelevel mixing of the scalar with SM Higgs field (h), and in model (iii), from the mixing of S and h with the neutral component of the heavy bidoublet Higgs field. After taking into account the stringent constraints from high-precision searches for flavor-changing charged and neutral kaon decays at NA62, E949, KOTO and CHARM experiments, as well as the astrophysical and cosmological constraints on a light scalar, such as those from supernova energy loss, big bang nucleosynthesis and relativistic degrees of freedom, we find that the light scalar interpretation of the KOTO excess is excluded in models (i) and (ii) by the supernova limit. However, there is still a narrow parameter space available in the TeVscale left-right symmetric model to explain the KOTO excess, which can be tested in future NA62 and DUNE experiments.

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Section: Laboratory Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on long-lived light scalars with flavor-changing couplings and the KOTO anomaly

Dev¹,

Mohapatra

Zhang

2020

Phys. Rev. D

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“…While LHC upgrades and future colliders will keep pushing the energy frontier forward in order to search for new physics at high energies, it is important to keep in mind that the physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) may very well involve weakly interacting particles at low scales instead, which in minimal extensions of the SM are expected to be relatively long-lived. In fact, the search for such long-lived particles (LLP) in colliders and beam-dump experiments has become a field of intense activity in recent years and several experiments have been proposed to conduct dedicated searches [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searches for atmospheric long-lived particles

Argüelles

Coloma

Hernández

et al. 2020

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Long-lived particles are predicted in extensions of the Standard Model that involve relatively light but very weakly interacting sectors. In this paper we consider the possibility that some of these particles are produced in atmospheric cosmic ray showers, and their decay intercepted by neutrino detectors such as IceCube or Super-Kamiokande. We present the methodology and evaluate the sensitivity of these searches in various scenarios, including extensions with heavy neutral leptons in models of massive neutrinos, models with an extra U (1) gauge symmetry, and a combination of both in a U (1) B−L model. Our results are shown as a function of the production rate and the lifetime of the corresponding long-lived particles.

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“…Our proposed search can be the most sensitive probe of long-lived light scalars with cτ S between 1 and a few mm. It will complement the existing efforts to test larger lifetimes via dedicated experiments like MATHUSLA [57] , FASER [58] or CODEX-b [59] for the same mass range, and also the searches for heavier masses (m S 10 GeV) in hadronic displaced vertices conducted by the ATLAS [11,[60][61][62][63], CMS [8,[64][65][66] and LHCb [13,67] collaborations. We have also seen that, depending on the specific flavor structure of our light mediator S, additional constraints from this search can play an important role.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exclusive displaced hadronic signatures in the LHC forward region

Vidal

Tsai

Zurita

2020

J. High Energ. Phys.

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The LHCb detector provides accurate vertex reconstruction and hadronic particle identification, which make the experiment an ideal place to look for light long-lived particles (LLP) decaying into Standard Model (SM) hadrons. In contrast with the typical search strategy relying on energetic jets and a high multiplicity of tracks from the LLP decay, LHCb can identify LLPs in exclusive, specific hadronic final states. To illustrate the idea, we study the sensitivity of LHCb to an exotic Higgs decay h → SS, followed by the displaced decay of GeV-scale scalars into charged kaons S → K + K − . We show that the reconstruction of kaon vertices in narrow invariant mass windows can efficiently eliminate the combinatorial backgrounds from B-meson decays. While the same signal is extremely difficult to probe in the existing displaced jet searches at ATLAS/CMS, the LHCb search we propose can probe the branching ratio BR(h → SS) down to 0.1% (0.02%) level with 15 (300) fb −1 of data. We also apply this projected bound to two scenarios with Higgs portal couplings, where the scalar mediator S either couples to a) the SM quarks only, or b) to both quarks and leptons in the minimal flavor violation paradigm. In both scenarios we compare the reach of our proposed search with the expected constraints from ATLAS and CMS on the invisible Higgs width and with the constraints from rare B-decays studies at LHCb. We find that for 1 GeV < m S < 2 GeV and 0.5 mm cτ 10 mm our proposed search will be competitive with the ATLAS and CMS projections, while at the same time providing crucial information of the hadronic interactions of S, which can not be obtained from the indirect measurement of the Higgs invisible width.

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Long-lived particles at the energy frontier: the MATHUSLA physics case

Cited by 351 publications

References 668 publications

Constraints on long-lived light scalars with flavor-changing couplings and the KOTO anomaly

Constraints on long-lived light scalars with flavor-changing couplings and the KOTO anomaly

Searches for atmospheric long-lived particles

Exclusive displaced hadronic signatures in the LHC forward region

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