Long-lasting Systemic Bait Markers for Eurasian Badgers

Cagnacci, Francesca; Massei, Giovanna; Coats, Julia; Leeuw, Anton de; Cowan, David P.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-42.4.892

Cited by 16 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In contrast, RhB is relatively cheap and can be detected by simply looking for stained sections of hair or whiskers using fluorescence microscopy. The persistence of IPA (a serum marker) and RhB (a marker of keratinous tissue) in badgers appears similar, having been detected at up to 20 and 24 weeks post consumption, respectively (Cagnacci et al 2006). However, a distinct advantage of using IPA as a biomarker is that unlike RhB, some of its analogues can provide quantitative information on the amount of bait consumed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In addition, as RhB is rapidly metabolised, repeated exposure during the 8 days of feeding would be highly unlikely to result in significant accumulation (Fisher 1999). However, RhB has been observed to exhibit a high degree of persistence in keratinous tissue (Fisher 1999) and is detectable (at the same dose of 100 mg per bait) in badger whiskers up to 24 weeks (168 days) after ingestion (Cagnacci et al 2006). …”

Section: Bait Preparation and Deploymentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No badger trapping took place from February to May inclusive (the 'close season') as this is when most cubs are born and females are sucklingdependent young (see Woodroffe et al 2005). Although the interval between bait deployment and trapping differed between spring and summer, this should not have influ-enced the results, as in both cases, animals were captured and sampled well within the 168-day period during which RhB is known to be detectable in badger whiskers (Cagnacci et al 2006). The shortest interval between bait deployment and trapping was 30 days, which was enough time to allow whiskers to grow sufficiently to be able to detect RhB staining in the shaft (Spurr 2002).…”

Section: Capture and Examination Of Badgersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies, iophenoxic acid (IPA, e.g. Southey et al 2001;Cagnacci et al 2006;de Leeuw et al 2006;Cagnacci et al 2007) and rhodamine B (RhB, e.g. Cagnacci et al 2006Cagnacci et al , 2007 have been successfully employed to measure bait uptake in badgers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Southey et al 2001;Cagnacci et al 2006;de Leeuw et al 2006;Cagnacci et al 2007) and rhodamine B (RhB, e.g. Cagnacci et al 2006Cagnacci et al , 2007 have been successfully employed to measure bait uptake in badgers. IPA is relatively expensive to purchase and process and involves obtaining a blood sample and detection using high-performance liquid chromatography (see Jones, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating seasonal bait delivery to badgers using rhodamine B

et al. 2010

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Bait Preparation and Deploymentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Capture and Examination Of Badgersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Evaluating seasonal bait delivery to badgers using rhodamine B

et al. 2010

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Hair type, intake, and detection method influence Rhodamine B detectability

2012

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Rhodamine B (RB) is a popular bait-marking tool in wildlife research, although its use has required many assumptions about marking reliability. These assumptions have limited dosage ranges and detection methods in research applications. Identification of alternate detection methods, hair types, and dosage rates could create new opportunities for RB use and potentially reduce adverse effects on target animals. We examined the relationship between hair types, dosage rate, and detection method for RB applications using black rats (Rattus rattus) in laboratory settings. We gave study animals varying doses of RB, and examined vibrissae and guard hairs for the detection of RB bands using ambient light, ultraviolet (UV) light, and fluorescence microscopy techniques. Fluorescence microscopy detected more RB marked hairs than UV light or ambient light. Fluorescence microscopy was more sensitive to RB dose rate detection; with receiver operating characteristic curves suggesting that the minimum dose rates at which RB intake can be correctly detected are 3.9 and 33 mg/kg for vibrissae and guard hairs, respectively. Guard hair RB detection was less reliable under ambient light and UV lamps, but equally detectable as vibrissae under fluorescence microscopy. Our results confirmed the interrelationship between dosage and detection methods in the efficacy of bait markers. We demonstrated that guard hairs can be a reliable hair type for the detection of RB. This application is less invasive than sampling animal tissues to detect bait uptake. ß 2012 The Wildlife Society.

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Uptake of buried baits by badgers: Implications for rabies control in Great Britain and the delivery of an oral TB vaccine

Palphramand

Carter

Woods

et al. 2012

Wildlife Society Bulletin

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The British Government's contingency plan for the control of wildlife rabies is based on oral vaccination around a focal outbreak, with the option of the targeted lethal control of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and badgers (Meles meles) using buried poisoned bait. We investigated uptake by badgers of nonpoison meatbased baits buried along transects for 10 consecutive days in 1995. The original aim was to evaluate the likely effectiveness of this contingency option. However, the results are also pertinent to the development of an oral tuberculosis (TB) vaccine baiting strategy for badgers, for which research has primarily been carried out since this study was completed. Bait disappearance steadily increased over time, reaching an asymptote after 7 days. By incorporating iophenoxic acid biomarkers into baits, we showed that about 51% of subsequently captured badgers had consumed bait, the majority of which did so during the first 7 days. Bait uptake was significantly higher among adults. Rates of uptake by badgers of baits buried along transects could be increased by shortening the prebaiting period or extending the baiting period. However, considerably higher levels of uptake by adults and cubs are likely to be achieved by targeting bait deployment at badger setts, and this is now included in Britain's rabies contingency plan. Although meat-based baits cannot be used for TB control, the relevance of these results to the delivery of an oral TB vaccine bait to badgers is discussed. ß 2012 Crown copyright KEY WORDS badgers, bait uptake, biomarker, bovine tuberculosis, contingency plan, disease control, iophenoxic acid, Meles meles, rabies, vaccine bait.

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Long-lasting Systemic Bait Markers for Eurasian Badgers

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluating seasonal bait delivery to badgers using rhodamine B

Evaluating seasonal bait delivery to badgers using rhodamine B

Hair type, intake, and detection method influence Rhodamine B detectability

Uptake of buried baits by badgers: Implications for rabies control in Great Britain and the delivery of an oral TB vaccine

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