Long lasting persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar. israelensis larvicidal activity in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) breeding places is associated to bacteria recycling

Melo-Santos, Maria Alice Varjal de; Araújo, Ana Paula de; Maranhão, Raul C.; Regis, Lêda

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.01.011

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…2, step 3). Spores can recycle under specific, unknown conditions (this work), as suggested by previous works (11,43) (Fig. 2, step 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…israelensis is usually said to be lowlevel persistent in the field, an increasing number of studies have shown that it can persist for a long time and suggest that it can recycle under specific conditions in the environment (4,11). The high toxicity and the large quantity of spores found in the toxic leaf litter samples suggested that such recycling events occurred in mosquito breeding sites (8,43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, an increasing number of studies suggested that B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis can persist and even recycle (i.e., germination, vegetative growth, sporulation, and the production of toxins) under specific conditions in the environment (4,11). Moreover, decaying leaf litter sampled in mosquito breeding sites several months after a treatment exhibited a high level of toxicity against mosquito larvae (7,8) and contained large amounts of spores (43), suggesting a higher level of persistence than expected and a potential recycling of spores, leading to an unexpected high level of toxicity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fate of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in the Field: Evidence for Spore Recycling and Differential Persistence of Toxins in Leaf Litter

Tetreau

Alessi

Veyrenc

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is a bioinsecticide increasingly used worldwide for mosquito control. Despite its apparent low level of persistence in the field due to the rapid loss of its insecticidal activity, an increasing number of studies suggested that the recycling of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis can occur under specific, unknown conditions. Decaying leaf litters sampled in mosquito breeding sites in the French Rhône-Alpes region several months after a treatment were shown to exhibit a high level of larval toxicity and contained large amounts of spores. In the present article, we show that the high concentration of toxins found in these litters is consistent with spore recycling in the field, which gave rise to the production of new crystal toxins. Furthermore, in these toxic leaf litter samples, Cry4Aa and Cry4Ba toxins became the major toxins instead of Cyt1Aa in the commercial mixture. In a microcosm experiment performed in the laboratory, we also demonstrated that the toxins, when added in their crystal form to nontoxic leaf litter, exhibited patterns of differential persistence consistent with the proportions of toxins observed in the field-collected toxic leaf litter samples (Cry4 > Cry11 > Cyt). These results give strong evidence that B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis recycled in specific breeding sites containing leaf litters, and one would be justified in asking whether mosquitoes can become resistant when exposed to field-persistent B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis for several generations.

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“…2, step 3). Spores can recycle under specific, unknown conditions (this work), as suggested by previous works (11,43) (Fig. 2, step 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in the Field: Evidence for Spore Recycling and Differential Persistence of Toxins in Leaf Litter

Tetreau

Alessi

Veyrenc

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The persistence of control may also be linked to recycling of Bti toxins; perhaps as cadavers are ingested. 20 Furthermore, variability in mortality as efficacy declines was noted. This may be caused by the increasing stochastic processes involved with the interception and ingestion of a declining number of lethal Bti crystals and spores by grazing larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aegypti in tires for up to 33 days, 9 and wettable powder and tablet Bti formulations provided 80% control for up to 6 months. 20 VectoBac WG (water dispersible granule; WG) has a potency of 3,000 international toxic units (ITU)/mg for Ae. aegypti and is especially suited for control of Ae.…”

Section: Aedes Aegyptimentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) Provides Residual Control of Aedes aegypti in Small Containers

Ritchie¹,

Rapley²,

Benjamin³

2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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We examined the use of megadoses of VectoBac WG for residual control of Aedes aegypti in 2-L plastic buckets. Doses of 10×, 20×, and 50× the recommended rate of 8 mg/L provided ≥ 90% control for 8, 8, and 23 weeks, respectively. There was no significant difference in mortality between dry (neat) or aqueous mixture of VectoBac WG. Pretreatment of dry containers up to 8 weeks before flooding did not significantly decrease efficacy through 11 success weeks. Thus, megadoses of dry formulations of Bti can be used for residual control of Ae. aegypti in small containers. Furthermore, these doses use small amounts of product (0.08–0.4 g/L) that is more practical to measure than the minute amounts (0.008 g/L) required by the recommended rate, and cost US$2.18 to treat 50 Cairns yards containing an average total of 80 containers. This method could also be used to control Aedes albopictus.

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Abiotic Factors

Ment¹,

Shikano

Glazer³

2017

Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases

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Long lasting persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar. israelensis larvicidal activity in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) breeding places is associated to bacteria recycling

Cited by 47 publications

References 11 publications

Fate of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in the Field: Evidence for Spore Recycling and Differential Persistence of Toxins in Leaf Litter

Fate of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in the Field: Evidence for Spore Recycling and Differential Persistence of Toxins in Leaf Litter

Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) Provides Residual Control of Aedes aegypti in Small Containers

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