Long-Lasting Permethrin-Impregnated Clothing Protects Against Mosquito Bites in Outdoor Workers

Londoño-Rentería, Berlin; Patel, Jaymin C.; Vaughn, Meagan F.; Funkhauser, Sheana; Ponnusamy, Loganathan; Grippin, Crystal; Jameson, Samuel; Apperson, Charles S.; Mores, Christopher N.; Wesson, Dawn M.; Colpitts, Tonya M.; Meshnick, Steven R.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0130

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Permethrin-treated clothes were also shown to be effective in reducing tick bites and mosquito bites in general in other studies, however, similarly as in our study, this effect waned off as time passed on, possibly also due to laundering effect [14,15]. Long-lasting insecticide-treated bednets were a major breakthrough in the control of malaria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…InsectShield Repellent Apparel is registered by the US EPA [13]; their approach is a polymer-coating technique which is claimed to withstand up to 70 washings [13]. InsectShield clothing was successfully used for tick bite prevention [14]and also protective against mosquito bites by measuring changes in antibody titers to mosquito salivary gland extracts [15]. We conducted a school based field trial to assess the efficacy of InsectShield school uniforms on reducing dengue infections in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigating Diseases Transmitted by Aedes Mosquitoes: A Cluster-Randomised Trial of Permethrin-Impregnated School Uniforms

et al. 2017

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BackgroundViral diseases transmitted via Aedes mosquitoes are on the rise, such as Zika, dengue, and chikungunya. Novel tools to mitigate Aedes mosquitoes-transmitted diseases are urgently needed. We tested whether commercially insecticide-impregnated school uniforms can reduce dengue incidence in school children.MethodsWe designed a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Thailand. The primary endpoint was laboratory-confirmed dengue infections. Secondary endpoints were school absenteeism; and impregnated uniforms’ 1-hour knock-down and 24 hour mosquito mortality as measured by standardised WHOPES bioassay cone tests at baseline and after repeated washing. Furthermore, entomological assessments inside classrooms and in outside areas of schools were conducted.ResultsWe enrolled 1,811 pupils aged 6–17 from 5 intervention and 5 control schools. Paired serum samples were obtained from 1,655 pupils. In the control schools, 24/641 (3.7%) and in the intervention schools 33/1,014 (3.3%) students had evidence of new dengue infections during one school term (5 months). There was no significant difference in proportions of students having incident dengue infections between the intervention and control schools, with adjustment for clustering by school. WHOPES cone tests showed a 100% knock down and mortality of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes exposed to impregnated clothing at baseline and up to 4 washes, but this efficacy rapidly declined to below 20% after 20 washes, corresponding to a weekly reduction in knock-down and mosquito mortality by 4.7% and 4.4% respectively. Results of the entomological assessments showed that the mean number of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes caught inside the classrooms of the intervention schools was significantly reduced in the month following the introduction of the impregnated uniforms, compared to those collected in classrooms of the control schools (p = 0.04)ConclusionsEntomological assessments showed that the intervention had some impact on the number of Aedes mosquitoes inside treatment schools immediately after impregnation and before insecticidal activity declined. However, there was no serological evidence of protection against dengue infections over the five months school term, best explained by the rapid washing-out of permethrin after 4 washes. If rapid washing-out of permethrin could be overcome by novel technological approaches, insecticide-treated clothes might become a potentially cost-effective and scalable intervention to protect against diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01563640

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Diseases Transmitted by Aedes Mosquitoes: A Cluster-Randomised Trial of Permethrin-Impregnated School Uniforms

et al. 2017

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“…A list of approved agents can be found at https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents. The treatment of clothing with permetherin is also recommended, and has been shown to be safe and effective 62. Additional behavioral methods, such as the use of screens and mosquito netting, are also important.…”

Section: Personal Protection In Endemic Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya: Emerging Arboviruses in the New World

Patterson¹,

Sammon²,

Garg³

2016

WestJEM

271

187

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The arboviruses that cause dengue, chikungunya, and Zika illnesses have rapidly expanded across the globe in recent years, with large-scale outbreaks occurring in Western Hemisphere territories in close proximity to the United States (U.S.). In March 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Protection (CDC) expanded its vector surveillance maps for A. aegypti and A. albopictus, the mosquito vectors for these arboviruses. They have now been shown to inhabit a larger portion of the U.S., including the heavily populated northeast corridor. Emergency physicians need to further familiarize themselves with these diseases, which have classically been considered only in returning travelers but may soon be encountered in the U.S. even in the absence of travel. In this paper, we discuss the presentation and treatment of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, as well as special challenges presented to the emergency physician in evaluating a patient with a suspected arbovirus infection.

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“…The diseases originating from arthropod exposure (e.g., mosquito) are affecting several millions of peoples throughout the world, and it is of significant interest to prevent the peoples from mosquitos, instead of drug treatment afterward the disease initiated 1 . Due to associated shortcomings of drug treatment and high‐cost, the drug resistance is rapidly spreading worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, personal protection against arthropod‐borne diseases is compulsory, particularly in endemic areas 2 . In this concern, the insecticide coated nets can be used for the protection from anopheline mosquitos, which are commonly known as night‐time bitters 1 . Besides this, several diseases are caused by Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens mosquitos, known as day‐time bitters, and thus day‐time protection is also essential 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of PET fabric by plasma pre‐treatment for long‐lasting permethrin deposition

Badaro

Sousa

Naeem

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The mosquito‐transmitted diseases are of serious concern and are affecting several millions of peoples worldwide. Instead of medication afterward the disease initiated, self‐protection against the mosquito's is preferable, specifically in endemic areas. For this purpose, the permethrin coated clothing is a suitable choice to avoid mosquitos' bites. Unfortunately, the permethrin coating on fabrics is not long‐lasting, and its laundering resistance is very low on hydrophobic fabric. In this study, the effect of plasma surface modification of PET fabric on the adhesion of permethrin and its laundering resistance are evaluated. The plasma processing is carried out in nitrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen–oxygen mixture plasma. The samples are analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and chromatography. The results show that the oxygen plasma pre‐treated samples exhibit the higher residual contents of permethrin after 60 wash cycles as compared with other gasses. Without plasma pre‐treatment, the 95% loss, whereas the sample with oxygen plasma pre‐treatment shows that only 22% loss of initial concentration of permethrin occurs after washing. This study shows that plasma pre‐treatment is valuable to improve the absorption of permethrin in PET and its laundering‐resistance. As plasma treatment is a cost‐effective technique, it needs less processing time and eco‐friendly, thus it is a great choice to deposit long‐lasting permethrin coating by plasma pre‐treatment, instead of conventional binding agents. Remarkably, the plasma treatment technique is a well‐established and industrially acceptable technique, thus expected to be of noteworthy importance for insecticide garments manufacturers.

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Long-Lasting Permethrin-Impregnated Clothing Protects Against Mosquito Bites in Outdoor Workers

Cited by 33 publications

References 34 publications

Mitigating Diseases Transmitted by Aedes Mosquitoes: A Cluster-Randomised Trial of Permethrin-Impregnated School Uniforms

Mitigating Diseases Transmitted by Aedes Mosquitoes: A Cluster-Randomised Trial of Permethrin-Impregnated School Uniforms

Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya: Emerging Arboviruses in the New World

Surface modification of PET fabric by plasma pre‐treatment for long‐lasting permethrin deposition

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