Long-lasting insecticide-treated net use and malaria infections on the Kenyan coast

Kamau, Alice; Musau, Moses; Mtanje, Grace; Mataza, Christine; Bejon, Philip; Snow, Robert W.

doi:10.1093/trstmh/trac029

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Resistance to pyrethroids, carbamates and organophosphates has been reported in the region (Ondeto et al 2017; Munywoki et al 2021). Kilifi County receives the LLINs as part of the national mass distribution campaign with high reported usage at all ages (>70%) (Kamau et al 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially explicit sampling frameworks to identify regions of increased mosquito abundance

Kemei,

Ochomo,

Ombok

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Vector control interventions often lack comprehensive information on vector population distribution and dynamics. This knowledge gap poses challenges in targeting interventions effectively, especially in areas with heterogeneous transmission and where complementary vector control tools may be required to achieve sustained impact on disease transmission. In this study, we implemented a spatially explicit sampling framework for improved vector surveillance in coastal Kenya. Our stratified lattice with close pair sampling design aimed to characterise the vector dynamics of the primary malaria-transmitting species in the area and assess the ecotype classification’s effectiveness at identifying clear population patterns. The study collected 3,621 mosquitoes, withAn. funestuss.l. being the most abundant malaria vector. The inclusion of the ecotype classification significantly improved spatial abundance model estimates forAn. gambiaeandCulexspp. Wetlands, topographic wetness index, and proximity to rivers were associated with increased mosquito abundance. Spatial modelling revealed high abundance regions near the Galana-Sabaki River. Our study demonstrates the applicability of a reproducible spatial sampling approach to identify areas with high vector abundance and inform targeted vector control strategies. The study highlights the importance of ecological stratification and a spatial explicit sampling approach for predicting mosquito presence when prior data is limited and underscores the potential for refining future sampling for control efforts.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially explicit sampling frameworks to identify regions of increased mosquito abundance

Kemei,

Ochomo,

Ombok

et al. 2023

Preprint

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show abstract

“…A mainstay in malaria control, innumerable studies have tested acceptance and efficacy worldwide. A high reported (rather than observed) use of LLINs in Kenya showed significant protection against malaria [ 137 ]. Considering the serious consequences of malaria during pregnancy, protection is crucial.…”

Section: Personal Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oral repellent – science fiction or common sense? Insects, vector-borne diseases, failing strategies, and a bold proposition

Bauer

2023

Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines

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Over the last decades, unimaginable amounts of money have gone into research and development of vector control measures, repellents, treatment, and vaccines for vector borne diseases. Technological progress and scientific breakthroughs allowed for ever more sophisticated and futuristic strategies. Yet, each year, millions of people still die or suffer from potentially serious consequences of malaria or dengue to more recent infections, such as zika or chikungunya, or of debilitating consequences of neglected tropical diseases. This does not seem value for money. In addition, all current vector control strategies and personal protection methods have shortcomings, some serious, that are either destructive to non-target species or unsatisfactory in their effectiveness. On the other hand, the rapid decline in insect populations and their predators reflects decades-long aggressive and indiscriminate vector control. This major disruption of biodiversity has an impact on human life not anticipated by the well-meaning killing of invertebrates. The objective of this paper is to re-examine current control methods, their effectiveness, their impact on biodiversity, human and animal health, and to call for scientific courage in the pursuit of fresh ideas. This paper brings together topics that are usually presented in isolation, thereby missing important links that offer potential solutions to long-standing problems in global health. First, it serves as a reminder of the importance of insects to human life and discusses the few that play a role in transmitting disease. Next, it examines critically the many currently employed vector control strategies and personal protection methods. Finally, based on new insights into insect chemo-sensation and attractants, this perspective makes a case for revisiting a previously abandoned idea, the oral repellent, and its use via currently successful methods of mass-application. The call is out for focused research to provide a powerful tool for public health, tropical medicine, and travel medicine.

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Long lasting insecticidal nets utilization and associated factors among households of West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Elemo,

Worko,

Mama

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Long-lasting insecticide nets are often used as a physical barrier to prevent infection of malaria. In sub-Saharan Africa, one of the most important ways of lowering the malaria burden is the utilization of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets. However, there is no sufficient information on long-lasting insecticide utilization in Ethiopia. Therefore, the study was aimed to assess long-lasting insecticide net utilization and associated factors among households of West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Southern Ethiopia, 2023. A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in West Arsi Zone with a sample of 2808 households from May 01 to 30, 2023. Data were collected from households by using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. Data were checked, coded, and entered into Epinfo version 7, cleaned, and analyzed by SPSS version 25. Descriptive analysis was used to present frequencies, proportions, and graphs. Binary logistic regression analysis was computed and the variables with p-values less than 0.25 were selected to be included in the multivariable model. The final model was interpreted using an adjusted odd ratio with a 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05 to declare the statistical association between the outcome and independent variables. About 2389 (86.2%) of households have long-lasting insecticide nets that can be used while sleeping. But the overall prevalence of long-lasting insecticide nets utilization was 69.9% with (95% CI 68.1–71.8). Being female as household head (AOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.33–4.15), number of separate rooms in the living house (AOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.23–2.29), duration of long-lasting insecticide nets used to be replaced (AOR 2.81, 95% CI 2.18–5.35), knowledge status of the respondents (AOR 3.68; 95% CI 2.48–6.97) were significantly associated with long-lasting insecticide nets utilization. The overall Household’s level of LLINs utilization was found to be low as compared to the national standard of Ethiopia, which is to be ≥ 85. The study identified that being female as household head, the number of separate rooms in the living house, the duration of long-lasting insecticide nets used to be replaced, knowledge status of the respondents were the predictors of long-lasting insecticide nets utilization among members of households. Thus, to improve the usage of LLINs, the West Arsi Zone Health Office and stakeholders should strengthen the long-term insecticide net utilization at the household level by educating the community with appropriate information.

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Long-lasting insecticide-treated net use and malaria infections on the Kenyan coast

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Spatially explicit sampling frameworks to identify regions of increased mosquito abundance

Spatially explicit sampling frameworks to identify regions of increased mosquito abundance

The oral repellent – science fiction or common sense? Insects, vector-borne diseases, failing strategies, and a bold proposition

Long lasting insecticidal nets utilization and associated factors among households of West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

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