Long-lasting cognitive injury in rats with apparent full gross neurological recovery after short-term cardiac arrest

Schreckinger, Matthew; Geocadin, Romergryko G.; Savonenko, Alena; Yamashita, Soichiro; Melnikova, Tatyana; Thakor, Nitish V.; Hanley, Daniel F.

doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.02.017

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Results from different groups assessing locomotor activity using the open field test after global cerebral ischemia suggest that activity can be either increased or decreased, depending on the time after injury and age of the animal [202, 211, 212]. These results underscore the importance of when the test is conducted and the age of the animals being tested after global cerebral ischemia.…”

Section: Global Cerebral Ischemia and Cognitive Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Cerebral Ischemia: Synaptic and Cognitive Dysfunction

Neumann¹,

Cohan²,

Dave³

et al. 2013

Current Drug Targets

108

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Cardiopulmonary arrest is one of the leading causes of death and disability, primarily occurring in the aged population. Numerous global cerebral ischemia animal models induce neuronal damage similar to cardiac arrest. These global cerebral ischemia models range from vessel occlusion to total cessation of cardiac function, both of which have allowed for the investigation of this multifaceted disease and detection of numerous agents that are neuroprotective. Synapses endure a variety of alterations after global cerebral ischemia from the resulting excitotoxicity and have been a major target for neuroprotection; however, neuroprotective agents have proven unsuccessful in clinical trials, as neurological outcomes have not displayed significant improvements in patients. A majority of these neuroprotective agents have specific neuronal targets, where the success of future neuroprotective agents may depend on non-specific targets and numerous cognitive improvements. This review focuses on the different models of global cerebral ischemia, neuronal synaptic alterations, synaptic neuroprotection and behavioral tests that can be used to determine deficits in cognitive function after global cerebral ischemia.

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Section: Global Cerebral Ischemia and Cognitive Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Cerebral Ischemia: Synaptic and Cognitive Dysfunction

Neumann¹,

Cohan²,

Dave³

et al. 2013

Current Drug Targets

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They are based on the clinical evaluation of consciousness, behavior, breathing, reflexes, and locomotion tests [9,[11][12][13][28][29][30][31]41,50,53]. Neurological recovery can be further assessed with quantitative behavioral tests in rodents, such as the T maze or the Morris maze test [59][60][61]. In addition to the clinical evaluation of neurological function, histopathological damages are also usually evaluated in most experimental studies [62].…”

Section: Neurological Function and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can we Study Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Cardiac Arrest in Animals: a Review

Blondel¹,

Kohlhauer²,

Zilberstein³

et al. 2016

JDVAR

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Animal research is essential to propose new therapeutic approaches limiting the sequels of cardiac arrest in human and veterinary medicine. The ultimate goal is to improve the long term prognosis and neurological recovery. For such investigations, the use of animal models seems unavoidable as cardiac arrest provokes multiple visceral consequences as well as inflammatory response and coagulopathy. These models allow not only a better understanding of the pathophysiology but also the investigation of new treatment strategies to improve basic life support efficiency or prevent multi-organ failure. In this review, we are summarizing the characteristics of the main animal models used in resuscitation sciences. The choice of the species and methods of evaluation of cardiac arrest is crucial. These studies often concern human medicine but they can also address fundamental questions for veterinary research as they are mostly based on animal research.

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“…9,[11][12][13][28][29][30][31]41,50,53 Neurological recovery can be further assessed with quantitative behavioral tests in rodents, such as the T maze or the Morris maze test. [59][60][61] In addition to the clinical evaluation of neurological function, histopathological damages are also usually evaluated in most experimental studies.…”

Section: Main End-points For Cardiac Arrest Studies In Animals Neurolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2016

JDVAR

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Abbreviations: CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ROSC, resumption of spontenaeous circulation; VF, ventricular fibrillation IntroductionCardiac arrest is an important public health issue in humans in industrialized countries with, e.g., 35,000 to 40,000 new cases each year in France.1,2 Despite increasing implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the field, resumption of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is typically obtained in less than 35% of these patients. Resuscitated victims often present a post cardiac arrest syndrome with a complex physiopathology combining hemodynamic failure, neurological dysfunction and multi-visceral injury, leading to an additional worsening of the prognosis. Ultimately, less than 8% of the patients survive with favorable neurological function at hospital discharge. [3][4][5] In this context, experimental research is crucial to provide new therapeutic approaches increasing CPR efficiency and initial resuscitation, as well as long term prognosis and neurological recovery. For such investigations, the use of animal models seems unavoidable as cardiac arrest provokes multiple visceral consequences as well as inflammatory response and coagulopathy. These models allow not only a better understanding of the pathophysiology but also the investigation of new treatment strategies to improve CPR efficiency or prevent multi-organ failure. This field of research can also address fundamental questions for veterinary research, beyond the relevance for human medicine. Impact of species-differencesIn general, animal models of cardiac arrest are using rodents, rabbits, pigs or dogs. All these species present anatomical or physiological specificities that should been considered in the design of the study, depending upon the specific goals and corresponding end-points. Cardiac arrest in rodentsAs usual in biomedical research, rodents are widely used in resuscitation sciences due to their relative ease of manipulation, low cost and extensive possibilities of mechanistic investigations with genetically modified animals. Obviously, this use is associated with several limitations related to their cardiovascular anatomy and physiology. On the one hand, rodents present two different cranial venae cavae (right and left) with a coronary sinus formed by the proximal part of the left cranial vena cava.6 This directly modifies the coronary perfusion during cardiac massage through different venous return as compared to large animals.7 In addition, due to their very low body mass, cardiac massage could make blood circulating through direct heart compression, while it is mostly acting through thoracic pumping in large animals. On the other hand, spontaneous heart rate is much higher in rodents than in large animals and humans as usual values average 260-450 or 500-600 beats per minute in awake rats and mice, respectively. 7,8 This directly impacts the required chest compression rate in those species as mice should undergo ≈400 compressions per min to be resuscitated. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Magnetic ...

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Long-lasting cognitive injury in rats with apparent full gross neurological recovery after short-term cardiac arrest

Cited by 19 publications

References 40 publications

Global Cerebral Ischemia: Synaptic and Cognitive Dysfunction

Global Cerebral Ischemia: Synaptic and Cognitive Dysfunction

How Can we Study Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Cardiac Arrest in Animals: a Review

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