Long hours of work in the U.S.: Associations with demographic and organizational characteristics, psychosocial working conditions, and health

Grosch, James W.; Caruso, RN Claire C.; Rosa, Roger R.; Sauter, Steven L.

doi:10.1002/ajim.20388

Cited by 132 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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Section: Conclusion Identification Of Combinations Of Risk Factors Pementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Work factors, including sedentary work and taskrelated biomechanics, have been reported as risks for obesity (13)(14)(15). Variables such as irregular work hours/ sleep schedules, job stress, workplace absenteeism, and reduced productivity also contribute (16)(17)(18)(19).Although the related literature is growing, obesity in the occupational environment requires more study, for example, regarding low-wage workers and genes or other factors (20,21). Body mass index (BMI), a measure of obesity, varies by population, race, gender, and socioeconomic class (22)(23)(24).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Conceptual heuristic models of the interrelationships between obesity and the occupational environment

Pandalai¹,

Schulte²,

Miller³

2013

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Pandalai SP, Schulte PA, Miller DB. Conceptual heuristic models of the interrelationships between obesity and the occupational environment. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2013;39(3):221-232. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3363 Objective Research and interventions targeting the relationship between work, its attendant occupational hazards, and obesity are evolving but merit further consideration in the public health arena. In this discussion paper, conceptual heuristic models are described examining the role of obesity as both a risk factor and health outcome in the occupational setting.Methods PubMed was searched using specific criteria from 2000 and onwards for evidence to support conceptual models in which obesity serves as a risk factor for occupational disease or an outcome of occupational exposures. Nine models are presented: four where obesity is a risk factor and five where it is an adverse effect.Results A broad range of work-related health effects are associated with obesity including musculoskeletal disorders, asthma, liver disease, and cardiovascular disease, among others. Obesity can be associated with occupational hazards such as shift work, sedentary work, job stress, and exposure to some chemicals. Conclusion Identification of combinations of risk factors pertinent to obesity in the occupational environmentwill provide important guidance for research and prevention.Key terms cardiovascular disease; diet; endocrine disruptor; intervention study; metabolism; musculoskeletal disease; occupational health; physical activity; risk assessment.1 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA.Correspondence to: Sudha P Pandalai, MD, PhD, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, Obesity is increasing worldwide with the 2009-2010 prevalence among US adults surpassing one-third (1, 2). Obesity is associated with genetic, behavioral, occupational, and environmental factors (3-5) and has significant economic impact (6). It is also associated with various health problems including musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), asthma, liver disease, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (7-10). Moreover, neurohormonal and endocrine pathway disruption has been associated with obesity (11,12). Work factors, including sedentary work and taskrelated biomechanics, have been reported as risks for obesity (13)(14)(15). Variables such as irregular work hours/ sleep schedules, job stress, workplace absenteeism, and reduced productivity also contribute (16)(17)(18)(19).Although the related literature is growing, obesity in the occupational environment requires more study, for example, regarding low-wage workers and genes or other factors (20,21). Body mass index (BMI), a measure of obesity, varies by population, race, gender, and socioeconomic class (22)(23)(24). Genetics may account for ≥40% of the variation in BMI (25), but such estimates can depend on the variability of environ...

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Section: Conclusion Identification Of Combinations Of Risk Factors Pementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual heuristic models of the interrelationships between obesity and the occupational environment

Pandalai¹,

Schulte²,

Miller³

2013

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Job category, assigned according to the respondent's current occupation, was determined based on the 1988 International Standard Classification of Occupations 1 digit categories and subsequently grouped into three categories: upper (1 and 2), medium (3)(4)(5), and lower (6-9). Type of contract had five categories: permanent, fixed-term temporary, temporary employment agency, no contract, and other.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detrimental impact of extreme overtime work has often been demonstrated, but the unfavorable impact of moderately long working hours on health and well-being has not been consistently shown (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Moderately long working hours and their impact on health have been related to family financial stress and the breadwinner role: in situations of family financial stress, breadwinners are likely to be forced to work long hours in order to increase the family income (7,8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long working hours and health status among employees in Europe: between-country differences

Artazcoz¹,

Cortès

Escribà‐Agüir³

et al. 2012

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Objectives This study aimed to (i) identify family responsibilities associated with moderately long working hours (41-60 hours a week); (ii) examine the relationship between moderately long working hours and three health outcomes; and (iii) analyze whether patterns differ by welfare state regimes. MethodsThe sample was composed of all employees aged 16-64 years working 30-60 hours a week interviewed in the 2005 European Working Conditions Survey (9288 men and 6295 women). We fitted multiple logistic regression models separated by sex and welfare state regime typologies.Results Married males were more likely to work long hours in countries with male breadwinner models whereas family responsibilities were related to long working hours among both sexes in countries with dual breadwinner models. The association between long working hours and health was (i) stronger among men in countries with male breadwinner models, primarily in Anglo-Saxon countries [adjusted odds ratio (OR adj ) associated with working 51-60 hours of 6.43, 6.04 and 9.60 for work-related poor health status, stress and psychological distress, respectively); (ii) similar among both sexes in Nordic countries; and (iii) stronger among women in Eastern European countries. ConclusionsIn the European Union of 25 members (EU-25), working moderately long hours is associated with poor health outcomes with different patterns depending on welfare state regimes. The findings from this study suggest that the family responsibilities and breadwinner models can help explain the relationship between long working hours and health status.

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“…In Brazil, there are few studies that appraise the association between long professional and domestic work hours and the health aspects within the nursing profession (1,3,9) . In relation to the work provided by the nurses, it is important to consider the aspects related to the complexity of the assigned responsibilities of these professionals in the systematic organisation of the work, that requires concentration, alertness, quick action, quality in carrying out the tasks, both planned and unexpected, management of work shift, leadership and also supervision of the general nursing work, among other tasks (2,5) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working hours and health behaviour among nurses at public hospitals

Fernandes

Portela

Rotenberg

et al. 2013

Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem

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Objective: to analyse the differences between genders in the description in the professional, domestic and total work hours and assess its association with health-related behaviour among nurses. Methods: this is a transversal study carried out in 18 different public hospitals in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The data collection procedure was based on questionnaires. All nurses working with assistance were considered eligible (n=2,279). Results: men and women showed significant differences in relation to working hours. The female group showed longer domestic and total work hours when compared to the group of men. In contrast, the number of hours spent on professional work was higher among men. For the women, both the professional hours and total work hours were often associated with excessive consumption of fried food and also coffee, lack of physical exercise and also the greater occurrence of overweight and obesity.Conclusion: both the professional hours and the domestic work hours need to be taken into account in studies about health, self-care and also the care provided within the context of nursing workers, particularly among women. The results add weight to the need for actions for health promotion in this occupational group and the importance of assessing the impact of long working hours on the health of workers.

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Long hours of work in the U.S.: Associations with demographic and organizational characteristics, psychosocial working conditions, and health

Cited by 132 publications

References 23 publications

Conceptual heuristic models of the interrelationships between obesity and the occupational environment

Conceptual heuristic models of the interrelationships between obesity and the occupational environment

Long working hours and health status among employees in Europe: between-country differences

Working hours and health behaviour among nurses at public hospitals

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