Long‐finned pilot whale (<i>Globicephala melas</i>, Traill 1809) subspecies in the Atlantic Ocean: Are there differences in their skulls?

Marina, Tomás I.; Marchesi, María Constanza; Goodall, Rae Natalie Prosser

doi:10.1111/mms.12548

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The nature of the data involving multiple species, age classifications, and sexes caused ratios to have inconsistent distributions and variances, and be resilient to data transformations. Traditionally PCA is performed on data with Gaussian distributions, but this assumption is not required when using PCA as a descriptive tool for exploratory analysis (Jolliffe and Cadima 2016), and non-Gaussian ratio data have been successfully analyzed using PCA (e.g., Marina et al 2018). It is also possible that because resultant principal components are linear functions of 14 random variables with large sample sizes (n = 382 for all-animal analysis and n = 225 for adult-only analysis), the central limit theorem (CLT) can be applied to assume approximate normality even though the ratios are not normally distributed (Jolliffe 2002).…”

Section: Statistical Analysis and Visualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to tell them apart? Discriminating tropical blackfish species using fin and body measurements from photographs taken at sea

Yahn

Baird

Mahaffy

et al. 2019

Marine Mammal Science

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The misidentification of species and populations is a hindrance to effective cetacean management. We devised a method of species identification using 10 fin and body measurements obtainable from at‐sea photographs, and demonstrated its ability to distinguish four species of Hawaiian “blackfish”: pygmy killer, melon‐headed, short‐finned pilot, and false killer whales. Measurements from photos of 382 known individuals were converted into 14 ratios and reduced using nonmetric multidimensional scaling and principal component analysis. The first three components of the PCA explained 81% of variance among species. Ratios indicated by PCA and NMDS were tested using analysis of variance, and results identified three fin ratios that had distinct means across all four species: height/base, depth (from anterior insertion) at trailing edge apex/depth at topmost point, and width (from leading edge) at posterior point/base. Dual analysis of adults and all age classes showed near‐identical sources of variance, 90% similarity in interspecies ratio relationships, and overlapping ratio means and ranges. Results suggest similar ontogenetic growth across these four species, and confirm the efficacy of this discrimination technique for all age classes. This study established a reliable means of distinguishing these cetacean species, which will improve the efficacy of management in areas with sympatric distributions.

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Section: Statistical Analysis and Visualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to tell them apart? Discriminating tropical blackfish species using fin and body measurements from photographs taken at sea

Yahn

Baird

Mahaffy

et al. 2019

Marine Mammal Science

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show abstract

“…The author also expressed the need of including samples from additional localities, in order to assess the variation of the colour pattern in the subspecies, as also recommended by other authors 18 . A more recent study found differences in skull morphometry of North and South Atlantic specimens 19 , but no studies were found that account for geographic variation within each area. Little genetic evidence exists to support their classification status using mitochondrial DNA.…”

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confidence: 92%

Global phylogeography and genetic diversity of the long-finned pilot whale Globicephala melas, with new data from the southeastern Pacific

Kraft

Pérez-Álvarez

Olavarría

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The matrilineal long-finned pilot whale presents an antitropical distribution and is divided into two subspecies, one in the temperate seas of the Southern Hemisphere and the other restricted to the north Atlantic and Mediterranean. Until now, population genetic and phylogeographic studies have included localities of most of its Northern Hemisphere distribution, while only the southwestern Pacific has been sampled in the Southern Hemisphere. We add new genetic data from the southeastern Pacific to the published sequences. Low mitochondrial and nuclear diversity was encountered in this new area, as previously reported for other localities. four haplotypes were found with only one new for the species. fifteen haplotypes were detected in the global dataset, underlining the species' low diversity. As previously reported, the subspecies shared two haplotypes and presented a strong phylogeographic structure. the extant distribution of this species has been related to dispersal events during the Last Glacial Maximum. Using the genetic data and Approximate Bayesian calculations, this study supports this historical biogeographic scenario. from a taxonomic perspective, even if genetic analyses do not support the subspecies category, this study endorses the incipient divergence process between hemispheres, thus maintaining their status and addressing them as Demographically independent populations is recommended. Cetaceans have a diverse-and many times contrasting-array of geographic distributions. Some of the widest ranging species include the cosmopolitan sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus 1 and the orca Orcinus orca 2. Other species, especially small-sized odontocetes, generally present coastal and more restricted distributions, like the extreme case of the vaquita, Phocoena sinus 3. Some cetaceans have a particular distribution pattern known as disjunct or antitropical, in which the taxon is present at high latitudes in both hemispheres while being absent from lower latitudes 4. Examples include the mysticete genus Eubalaena, with E. borealis inhabiting the North Pacific, E. japonica the North Atlantic and their austral equivalent in the Southern Hemisphere, E. australis 5. The phocoenid species pair Phocoena phocoena and P. spinipinnis is another example, found in the Northern Hemisphere and the coasts of South America, respectively 6. Among delphinids, the two Lissodelphis species also present this antitropical distribution pattern; L. peronii is present around the Southern Hemisphere, while L. borealis is found in the North Pacific 7. A similar antitropical distribution is presented by the two subspecies of long-finned pilot whales Globicephala melas, where G. m. edwardii inhabits the temperate to subpolar waters of the Southern Hemisphere, while G. m. melas is restricted to the North Atlantic 8. Extinct populations of long-finned pilot whales have been reported in the North Pacific, from Japan 9 and Alaska 10 , dating back 8 000-12 000 years and 2 500-3 500 years, respectively 9,10. Pilot whales are a highly social ...

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Long-Finned Pilot Whale Globicephala melas (Traill, 1809)

Verborgh,

Desportes

2023

Handbook of the Mammals of Europe

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Long‐finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas, Traill 1809) subspecies in the Atlantic Ocean: Are there differences in their skulls?

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

How to tell them apart? Discriminating tropical blackfish species using fin and body measurements from photographs taken at sea

How to tell them apart? Discriminating tropical blackfish species using fin and body measurements from photographs taken at sea

Global phylogeography and genetic diversity of the long-finned pilot whale Globicephala melas, with new data from the southeastern Pacific

Long-Finned Pilot Whale Globicephala melas (Traill, 1809)

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