Long-Distance Transport of Thiamine (Vitamin B1) Is Concomitant with That of Polyamines  

Abstract

Thiamine (vitamin B 1 ) is ubiquitous and essential for cell energy supply in all organisms as a vital metabolic cofactor, known for over a century. In plants, it is established that biosynthesis de novo is taking place predominantly in green tissues and is furthermore limited to plastids. Therefore, transport mechanisms are required to mediate the movement of this polar metabolite from source to sink tissue to activate key enzymes in cellular energy generating pathways but are currently unknown. Similar to thiamine, polyamines are an essential set of charged molecules required for diverse aspects of growth and development, the homeostasis of which necessitates long-distance transport processes that have remained elusive. Here, a yeast-based screen allowed us to identify Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PUT3 as a thiamine transporter. A combination of biochemical, physiological, and genetic approaches permitted us to show that PUT3 mediates phloem transport of both thiamine and polyamines. Loss of function of PUT3 demonstrated that the tissue distribution of these metabolites is altered with growth and developmental consequences. The pivotal role of PUT3 mediated thiamine and polyamine homeostasis in plants, and its importance for plant fitness is revealed through these findings.

Ascorbate and Thiamin: Metabolic Modulators in Plant Acclimation Responses

“…In addition to its role in central metabolism, studies in different plant species have shown that alterations in the levels of thiamin vitamers result in smaller plants, chlorosis of the leaves, growth retardation, delayed flowering, fitness cost, and an influence on yield penalty [25,26,105,111,133,134]. Some of these phenotypes, such as chlorosis and the delayed flowering, have also been shown to be dependent on the light regime [25,32].…”

Comprehensive understanding of acetohydroxyacid synthase inhibition by different herbicide families

“…In these cells, ThDP plays crucial roles in the process of cell division and production of energy and thus an impaired biosynthesis (32,33) or transport (34) of the cofactor causes an immediate reduction of plant growth, accompanied by poor shoot and root development, chlorosis, and necrosis. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of ThDP in growing tissues (shoots and roots) is low, and it has to be to transported from mature tissues to satisfy the demand for this cofactor (34). In this condition, the degradation of ThDP by herbicide can play a very important role in inhibiting the plant growth and, accordingly, the symptoms mentioned above correlate with those observed when AHAS herbicides are in action (2).…”

Foliar Application of Thiamin Stimulates the Growth, Yield and Biochemical Compounds Production of Coriander and Fenugreek

“…These results are in agreement with those obtained previously by Abd El-Aziz et al (2007) on Syngonium podophyllum (Bahuguna et al 2012), on Oryza sativa (Farouk et al 2012), on Lycopersicon esculentum and by Al-Abbasi et al (2015) on Zinnia elegans. Increase in leaf, root and stem weights is due to the fact that Th is necessary for dividing meristematic stem cells and organ initial cells (Martinis et al 2016). Moreover, the accumulation of some osmo-regulators, such as soluble sugars and free amino acids may increase in response to Th application.…”

“…Th plays considerable role in carbohydrate catabolism as well as NADPH and ATP synthesis (Rapala-Kozik et al 2012). In addition, Th derivative serves as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions of many metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, Krebs cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, Calvin cycle, amino acid metabolism, nitrogen assimilation and synthesis of branched chain amino acid, isoprenoid and nucleic acids (Goyer 2010;Bahuguna et al 2012;Martinis et al 2016). Therefore, it seems that better growth and yield of coriander and fenugreek under Th application is mainly related to appropriate regulation of photosynthesis and energy-providing reactions in treated plants.…”