Long distance measurement up to 1.2 km by electro-optic dual-comb interferometry

Wu, Hanzhong; Zhao, Tuo; Wang, Zhiyang; Zhang, Kai; Xue, Bin; Li, Jianshuang; He, Ming-Ming; Qu, Xinghua

doi:10.1063/1.4999537

Cited by 42 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The largest drawback of using OFCs directly for ranging is their high cost and high system complexity. Consequently, recent work has pushed toward the development of smaller and simpler systems based on electro-optic and microresonator comb systems 86,136 , as well as on photonically integrated circuits 137 . A challenge for deployment of OFC-based systems to the field, similar to that in dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) (see "Direct comb-based spectroscopy"), is that the low-power per optical mode requires a retro-reflecting mirror for sufficient return light powers at distances beyond~1 m.…”

Section: Ofc Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

2019

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Optical frequency combs were developed nearly two decades ago to support the world's most precise atomic clocks. Acting as precision optical synthesizers, frequency combs enable the precise transfer of phase and frequency information from a high-stability reference to hundreds of thousands of tones in the optical domain. This versatility, coupled with nearcontinuous spectroscopic coverage from microwave frequencies to the extreme ultraviolet , has enabled precision measurement capabilities in both fundamental and applied contexts. This review takes a tutorial approach to illustrate how 20 years of source development and technology has facilitated the journey of optical frequency combs from the lab into the field. T he optical frequency comb (OFC) was originally developed to count the cycles from optical atomic clocks. Atoms make ideal frequency references because they are identical, and hence reproducible, with discrete and well-defined energy levels that are dominated by strong internal forces that naturally isolate them from external perturbations. Consequently, in 1967 the international standard unit of time, the SI second was redefined as 9,192,631,770 oscillations between two hyper-fine states in 133 Cs 1. While 133 Cs microwave clocks provide an astounding 16 digits in frequency/time accuracy, clocks based on optical transitions in atoms are being explored as alternative references because higher transition frequencies permit greater than a 100 times improvement in time/frequency resolution (see "Timing, synchronization, and atomic clock networks"). Optical signals, however, pose a significant measurement challenge because light frequencies oscillate 100,000 times faster than state-of-the-art digital electronics. Prior to 2000, the simplest method to access an optical frequency was via knowledge of the speed of light and measurement of its wavelength, accessible with relatively poor precision of parts in 10 7 using an optical wavemeter. For precision measurements seeking resolutions better than that offered by wavelength standards, large-scale frequency chains were used to connect the microwave definition of the Hertz, provided by the 133 Cs primary frequency reference near 9.2 GHz, to the optical domain via a series of multiplied and phase-locked oscillators 2. The most complicated of these systems required up to 10 scientists, 20 different oscillators and 50 feedback loops to perform a single optical measurement 3. Because of the complexity, frequency multiplication chains yielded one to two precision optical frequency measurements per year. In 2000, the realization of the OFC allowed for the replacement of these complex frequency chains with a

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Section: Ofc Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

2019

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“…However, the entire system is relatively expensive on account of the cost of the frequency comb. The development of a portable and low-cost frequency comb would solve this problem [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute Measurement of the Refractive Index of Water by a Mode-Locked Laser at 518 nm

Meng

Zhai

Wei

et al. 2018

Sensors

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In this paper, we demonstrate a method using a frequency comb, which can precisely measure the refractive index of water. We have developed a simple system, in which a Michelson interferometer is placed into a quartz-glass container with a low expansion coefficient, and for which compensation of the thermal expansion of the water container is not required. By scanning a mirror on a moving stage, a pair of cross-correlation patterns can be generated. We can obtain the length information via these cross-correlation patterns, with or without water in the container. The refractive index of water can be measured by the resulting lengths. Long-term experimental results show that our method can measure the refractive index of water with a high degree of accuracy—measurement uncertainty at 10−5 level has been achieved, compared with the values calculated by the empirical formula.

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“…The application of dual-combs with slightly different repetition rates has enabled a revolutionary new technique for the field of detection and metrology, e.g., laser ranging [1][2][3][4], velocity measurement [5] and precision spectroscopy [6][7][8]. By using the dual-comb-based multi-heterodyne detection technique, temporal and spectral information can be extracted with a high resolution and high update-rate simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multidimensional Multiplexing Mode-Locked Laser Based on a Dual-Ring Integrative Structure for Tri-Comb Generation

Yang

Sun

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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The tri-comb-based multi-heterodyne detection technique has been proven to be a powerful tool for precision metrology, e.g., laser ranging and spectroscopy. However, in existing tri-comb generation methods, it is difficult to provide a large and variable difference in tri-comb repetition rates. In this paper; we propose a multidimensional multiplexing mode-locked laser based on a dual-ring integrative structure. Combining the dimensions of sub-ring multiplexing and wavelength multiplexing, two modes of tri-comb generation can be achieved with the dual-ring single cavity laser. The generated combs are identified based on the relative intensity of the pulse trains and optical spectrum, and the repetition rates of dual-combs from the same sub-ring are distinguished based on dispersion analysis. With repetition rates of approximately 47 MHz and 49.6 MHz, the minimum and maximum repetition rate difference of the generated tri-comb can be changed from 2.38 kHz and 2.59526 MHz to 2.74 kHz and 2.59720 MHz merely by switching the operation mode of the dual-ring integrated mode-locked laser. The obtained results indicate that our method can offer a powerful scheme for future multi-comb generation and its application in multi-heterodyne detection-based laser ranging and spectroscopy.

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Long distance measurement up to 1.2 km by electro-optic dual-comb interferometry

Cited by 42 publications

References 28 publications

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

Absolute Measurement of the Refractive Index of Water by a Mode-Locked Laser at 518 nm

A Multidimensional Multiplexing Mode-Locked Laser Based on a Dual-Ring Integrative Structure for Tri-Comb Generation

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