Long-Distance LIDAR Mapping Schematic for Fast Monitoring of Bioaerosol Pollution over Large City Areas

Abstract

Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) atmospheric sensing is a major tool for remote monitoring of aerosol pollution and its propagation in the atmosphere. Combining LIDAR sensing with ground-based aerosol monitoring can form the basis of integrated air-quality characterization. When present, biological atmospheric contamination is transported by aerosol particles of different size known as bioaerosol, whose monitoring is now among the basic areas of atmospheric research, especially in densely-populated large urban regions, where many bioaerosol-emitting sources exist. Thus, promptly identifying the bioaerosol sources, including their geographical coordinates, intensities, space-time distributions, etc., becomes a major task of a city monitoring system. This chapter argues in favor of integrating a LIDAR mapping schematic with in situ sampling and characterization of the bioaerosol in the urban area. The measurements, data processing, and decision-making aimed at preventing further atmospheric contamination should be performed in a near-real-time mode, which imposes certain demands on the typical LIDAR schematics, including long-range sensing as a critical parameter, especially over large areas (10 -100 km2). In this chapter, we describe experiments using a LIDAR schematic allowing near-real-time long-distance measurements of urban bioaerosol combined with its ground-based sampling and physicochemical and biological studies.

LIDAR Monitoring of Urban Areas

“…The careful study of air pollution becomes especially relevant as the PM are potential carriers of solid-state particles dangerous to health and biologically active components. The present report summarizes our experience [1][2][3] on how the intricate complex of particles with different content and size found in the aerosol might affect the LIDAR monitoring results on the long distance. LIDAR subject of this study is capable of scanning and mapping the horizontal and vertical aerosol distributions and the transport of air masses with a range resolution along the Line of Sight (LOS) of 30m and a beam divergence of ~1 mrad at operational distances of about 25km [3].…”

A review: modeling and optimizing diffractive optical elements for enhanced pollutant detection in LiDAR systems

“…These systems collect and transmit data on pollutant concentrations, helping mitigate environmental impacts through timely interventions. Furthermore, biomarkers and bio-indicators (biological monitoring techniques) offer insights into the ecological effects of pollutants on living organisms [6]. These are an important indication of the atmosphere and pollutant levels.…”

Calculation of the coordinates of the object of lidar sounding and its 3D cartographic display

“…Therefore, the visualization of point cloud data has practical significance for intensive study on the working principle of lidar, data processing and environmental perception. In atmospheric monitoring, an important task is to determine the spatial distribution of pollutants [1], that is, to calculate the geographic location coordinates from the point cloud data acquired by lidar and superimpose them on the map [2,3]. But at this stage, the image is still processed by graphic editor and superimposed on the map.…”