Long-chain solid organic polysulfide cathode for high-capacity secondary lithium batteries

Zeng, Qingcong; Li, Yang; Wu, Kuang‐Hsu; Huang, Ning; Dalapati, Sasanka; Su, Bing‐Jian; Jang, Lin-Yun; Gentle, Ian R.; Jiang, Donglin; Wang, Dawei

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2017.11.007

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The kernel of this concept is to design organic/polymeric cross‐linkers to covalently bond polysulfuric chains . Benefited from flourishing organic chemistries, various cross‐linkers, including benzene,[97,99i] phenyl diene,[98,99b] linear carbine/diene,[99a,h] trithiocyanuric acid,[99c] covalent triazine frameworks,[99d] benzoxazine,[99e] limonene, and methylsulfonyl methanethione radical, etc., were developed, aiming to improve the electrical/ionic conductivity and the distribution of polysulfuric domains. These cross‐linkers share a common characteristic that they possess reactive structural units such as unsaturated bonds or sulfydryl groups to form covalent bonds with polysulfuric chains, and the redox of sulfur would proceed through the breakage of SS bonds within the immobilized polysulfuric chain.…”

Section: Mediators In Li–s Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous/Homogeneous Mediators for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Progress and Prospects

Zhang

Peng

Zhao

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

288

179

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Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries deliver a high theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg −1 , and hold great promise to serve as a next-generation highenergy-density battery system. Great progress has been achieved in cathode design to deal with the intrinsic problems of sulfur cathodes, including low conductivity, the dissolution of polysulfide intermediate, and volume fluctuation. However, aiming at the practical applications of Li-S batteries, the weight percentage of sulfur in cathode materials and the overall areal sulfur loading need to be significantly increased, which inevitably complicate the process and cause heavy shuttle effect, slow redox kinetics, and more undesirable reaction pathways. Recently, rationally designing efficient mediators, as well as incorporating them into a working battery, emerges to be a promising method to construct high-energy-density Li-S batteries. The influence of mediators on Li-S batteries appears to be the enhancement in redox kinetics and the increase in reaction efficiency. In this feature article, the mechanistic understanding of redox kinetics in Li-S reactions is discussed, and then a comprehensive analysis of the recent advances in both heterogeneous and homogeneous mediator design is provided. A mediator perspective in building high-energy-density Li-S batteries is also included.

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Section: Mediators In Li–s Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous/Homogeneous Mediators for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Progress and Prospects

Zhang

Peng

Zhao

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

288

179

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“…The cyclic voltammogram exhibits characteristic peaks corresponding to the typical Li-S battery electrochemical behavior with reversible reduction and oxidation processes. The reduction process occurs in two steps, with the first peak appearing ∼2.3 V due to the reduction of S 8 to long-chain polysulfides (Li 2 S n , 4 ⩽ n ⩽ 8) at high potential and the peak at ∼2.0 V appears due to further reduction of long-chain polysulfides to short-chain polysulfides (Li 2 S n , 1 ⩽ n < 4) [58]. The oxidation peak associated with the reversible formation of short-chain polysulfides to long-chain polysulfides and then to S 8 is observed at 2.46 V [58].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduction process occurs in two steps, with the first peak appearing ∼2.3 V due to the reduction of S 8 to long-chain polysulfides (Li 2 S n , 4 ⩽ n ⩽ 8) at high potential and the peak at ∼2.0 V appears due to further reduction of long-chain polysulfides to short-chain polysulfides (Li 2 S n , 1 ⩽ n < 4) [58]. The oxidation peak associated with the reversible formation of short-chain polysulfides to long-chain polysulfides and then to S 8 is observed at 2.46 V [58]. Except for the first cycle, the following cycles overlap, exhibiting excellent electrochemical reversibility [60].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D x-ray microtomography investigations on the bimodal porosity and high sulfur impregnation in 3D carbon foam for Li–S battery application

et al. 2022

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Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to current state-of-the-art rechargeable Li-ion battery technologies, have received tremendous attention as potential candidates for next-generation portable electronics and the rapidly advancing EV market. However, substantial capacity decay, miserable cycle life, and meagre stability remained critical challenges. More specifically, shuttling of polysulfide [Li2Sx (3<x ≤ 8)] species severely hinders the cycle performance resulting in capacity fade and cycling instability. In the present work, a highly conducting 3Dimensional carbon nanofiber foam (CCNF-f) has been synthesized using the lyophilization method followed by thermal pyrolysis. The highly porous foam materials have a bimodal porosity distribution in the nano and micro regime and were successfully investigated to serve as a potential host for sulfur species intended for Li-S battery application. 3D X-ray microtomography was employed to estimate the nature of sulfur impregnation and distribution in the 3D porous networks. On utilizing the final product as cathode material, sulfur impregnated carbonized CNF foam and modified the separator with functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (SCCNF-f-AW-CNT) delivered a specific capacity of ~845 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1.

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“…Although lithium-ion battery is one of the most popular batteries in secondary batteries in recent years, it is temporarily unable to fulfill the demands of future electric vehicle power batteries due to its low energy density (150-300 Wh g −1 ) [1][2][3] . Under this circumstance, Li-S battery is gradually receiving attentions from the general public because of its high theoretical energy density (2600 Wh kg −1 ) [4 , 5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel permselective organo-polysulfides/PVDF gel polymer electrolyte enables stable lithium anode for lithium–sulfur batteries

Shen

Zeng

Zhou

et al. 2020

Journal of Energy Chemistry

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Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery can satisfy the need of the future power battery market because of its high energy density, but the hidden dangers caused by lithium anode have seriously hindered their commercialization. Herein, an innovative gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and organo-polysulfide polymer (PSPEG) is proposed, which could be used in semisolid-state Li-S batteries for protection of Li anodes. Particularly, organo-polysulfide polymer could chemically/electrochemically generate both inorganic and organic components simultaneously in-situ once contacting fresh Li metal surface and/or during discharging processes. And these inorganic/organic components could participate in the formation of the SEI layer and finally constitute a stable and flexible hybrid SEI layer on the surface of Li metal anode. Moreover, the organic components were permselective to lithium ions against anions. Therefore, PVDF/PSPEG GPE ensures the ideal chemical and electrochemical properties for Li-S batteries. Our work demonstrates an effective solution to solve the problems about Li anodes and contributes to the development of the safe Li metal batteries.

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Long-chain solid organic polysulfide cathode for high-capacity secondary lithium batteries

Cited by 33 publications

References 40 publications

Heterogeneous/Homogeneous Mediators for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Progress and Prospects

Heterogeneous/Homogeneous Mediators for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Progress and Prospects

3D x-ray microtomography investigations on the bimodal porosity and high sulfur impregnation in 3D carbon foam for Li–S battery application

A novel permselective organo-polysulfides/PVDF gel polymer electrolyte enables stable lithium anode for lithium–sulfur batteries

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