Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of heart failure

Abstract

Aims: Adequate intake of long-chain (LC) omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( n-3 PUFAs) is considered important for cardiovascular health. However, the effects of LC n-3 PUFAs on the risk of heart failure (HF) remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the role of LC n-3 PUFAs in the incidence of HF. Materials and Methods: Electronic databases were searched for studies up to 31 July 2021. Studies were included for the meta-analysis if they reported the adjusted associations between different dietary intakes or circulating concentrations of LC n-3 PUFAs and the risk of HF. A random-effect model was used to calculate the pooled estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for higher LC n-3 PUFA concentrations. Results: Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Eight studies comprising 316,698 individuals (11,244 incident HF cases), with a median follow-up of 10.7 years, showed that a higher dietary intake of LC n-3 PUFAs was associated with a lower risk of HF (highest versus lowest quintile: HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75–0.94). Six studies, comprising 17,163 participants (2520 HF cases) with a median follow-up of 9.7 years, showed that higher circulating LC n-3 PUFA concentrations were associated with a lower risk of HF (highest versus lowest quintile: HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.39–0.91). Higher circulating docosahexaenoic acid concentrations were associated with a decreased risk of HF (top versus bottom quintile: HR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.26–0.77). The associations between eicosapentaenoic acid (HR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.26–1.25), docosahexaenoic acid (HR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.24–1.82), and the risk of HF were not significant. Conclusion: High LC n-3 PUFA concentrations measured by dietary intake or circulating biomarkers are associated with a lower risk of developing HF.

Knowledge Mapping of the Links Between the Gut Microbiota and Heart Failure: A Scientometric Investigation (2006–2021)

“…In 2017, Marques et al demonstrated the importance of consuming a high-fiber diet and supplementing with SCFAs to lower blood pressure, minimize cardiac remodeling, and inhibit cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through the modification of gut microbial modulation ( 26 ). Evidence from a meta-analysis by Zheng et al suggested that high long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs), obtained in the diet from seafood or in the form of supplements, may have preventive effects on heart failure ( 59 ). Therefore, the modulation of dietary composition and intestinal metabolites are expected to be new therapeutic targets of heart failure treatment.…”

The Association Between Diabetes Mellitus and the Risk of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…We evaluated the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale for cohort studies and case-control studies ( 29 ). Cohort studies and case-control studies were classified as having low (≥7 stars), moderate (5–6 stars), and high risk of bias (≤4 stars) with an overall quality score of 9 stars ( 30 , 31 ). For cross-sectional studies, we assigned each item of the AHRQ checklist a score of 1 (answered “yes”) or 0 (answered “no” or “unclear”), and summarized scores across items to generate an overall quality score that ranged from 0 to 11.…”

Association Between Dietary Fiber Intake and Heart Failure Among Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2018

“…Given the increasing prevalence and disease burden of HF along with the lack of approved pharmacological treatment, it is important to scour for modifiable risk factors and to develop preventive strategies. Previous studies have found significant relationships between dietary nutrients and HF ( 30 , 31 ). Our findings support a potentially adverse association between total, cereal dietary fiber and HF prevalence.…”