Long-chain alkanes in the atmosphere: A review

Li, Junling; Li, Kun; Li, Hong; Wang, Xuezhong; Wang, Weigang; Wang, Ke; Ge, Maofa

doi:10.1016/j.jes.2021.07.021

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Terpene and isoprene emissions accounted for less than 5%, and sesquiterpene emission was In addition, long-chain alkanes can also be attributed to biogenic sources. For example, alkanes are emitted from terrestrial higher plants cuticle wax, suspended spores, and aquatic plants, and they can be emitted to atmosphere during wildfire (Simoneit, 2002;Yao et al, 2009;Li et al, 2022).…”

Section: Emissions In Californiamentioning

confidence: 99%

CAMx-UNIPAR Simulation of SOA Mass Formed from Multiphase Reactions of Hydrocarbons under the Central Valley Urban Atmospheres of California

Jo¹,

Jang²,

Han³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. The UNIfied Partitioning-Aerosol phase Reaction (UNIPAR) model was established on the Comprehensive Air quality Model with extensions (CAMx) to process Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation by capturing multiphase reactions of hydrocarbons (HCs) in regional scales. SOA growth was simulated using a wide range of anthropogenic HCs including ten aromatics and linear alkanes with different carbon-lengths. The atmospheric processes of biogenic HCs (isoprene, terpenes, and sesquiterpene) were simulated for the major oxidation paths (ozone, OH radicals, and nitrate radicals) to predict day and night SOA formation. The UNIPAR model streamlined the multiphase partitioning of the lumping species originating from semi-explicitly predicted gas products and their heterogeneous chemistry to form non-volatile oligomeric species in both organic aerosol and inorganic aqueous phase. The CAMx-UNIPAR model predicted SOA formation at four ground urban sites (San Jose, Sacramento, Fresno, and Bakersfield) in California, United States during wintertime 2018. Overall, the simulated mass concentrations of the total organic matter, consisting of primary OA (POA) and SOA, showed a good agreement with the observations. The simulated SOA mass in the urban areas of California was predominated by alkane and terpene. During the daytime, low-volatile products originating from the autoxidation of long-chain alkanes considerably contributed to the SOA mass. In contrast, a significant amount of nighttime SOA was produced by the reaction of terpene with ozone or nitrate radicals. The spatial distributions of anthropogenic SOA associated with aromatic and alkane HCs were noticeably affected by the southward wind direction owing to the relatively long lifetime of their atmospheric oxidation, whereas those of biogenic SOA were nearly insensitive to wind direction. During wintertime 2018, the impact of inorganic aerosol hygroscopicity on the total SOA budget was not evident because of the small contribution of aromatic and isoprene products that are hydrophilic and reactive in the inorganic aqueous phase. However, an increased isoprene SOA mass was predicted during the wet periods, although its contribution to the total SOA was little.

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Section: Emissions In Californiamentioning

confidence: 99%

CAMx-UNIPAR Simulation of SOA Mass Formed from Multiphase Reactions of Hydrocarbons under the Central Valley Urban Atmospheres of California

Jo¹,

Jang²,

Han³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Among the alkanes identified in our study, eight are long-chain n-alkanes such as nonane, decane, tetradecane, dodecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane and eicosane. The largest number of long-chain alkanes predominantly came from the cleavage of long-chain fatty acid alkoxy radicals ( 30 ). Moreover, four branched-chain alkanes such as 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane, and 10 cycloalkanes such as cyclopentadecane, were also found in fish sauce samples, which might impart fragrance and sweet flavor to the fish sauces.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic flavor metabolic network of fish sauce microbiota with different fermentation processes based on metagenomics

et al. 2023

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This article purposed to discuss the connection between microbiota and characteristic flavor of different fish sauces (Natural fermentation (WQ), koji outdoor fermentation (YQ), heat preservation with enzyme (BWE), and heat preservation with koji (BWQ)) at the early (3 months) and late stage (7 months). A total of 117 flavor compounds were determined according to SPME-GC–MS analysis. O2PLS-DA and VIP values were used to reveal 15 and 28 flavor markers of different fish sauces at 3 and 7 M of fermentation. Further, the possible flavor formation pathways were analyzed using metagenomic sequencing, and the key microbes associated with flavor formation were identified at the genetic level. The top 10 genera related to flavor generation, such as Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, etc., appeared to play a prominent part in the flavor formation of fish sauce. The difference was that only BWQ and BWE groups could produce ethyl-alcohol through amino acid metabolism, while YQ, BWE and BWQ groups could generate phenylacetaldehyde through the transformation of Phe by α-ketoacid decarboxylase and aromatic amino acid transferase. Our research contributes to clarifying the various metabolic roles of microorganisms in the flavor generation of fish sauce.

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“…A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS 3080, TSI Inc., USA) was used to measure the size distribution of particles within the chamber. Previous studies that have measured the density of alkane SOA have found a range from 1 to 1.4 g/cm 3 (Li et al, 2020;Li et al, 2022;Lim and Ziemann, 2009;Loza et al, 2014). Aerosols from each alkane experiment in this study were assumed to have a density of 1.2 g/cm 3 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…personal care products, paints, pesticides, etc.) (Li et al, 2022;Wu et al, 2019). Alkanes have been shown to be significant components of gasoline exhaust (6-18%) and diesel exhaust (18-31%) and vehicle emissions are the main source in urban areas (Caplain et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Influence of Chain Length on SOA Formation via Multiphase Reactions of Alkanes

Madhu

Jang

Deacon

2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) from diesel fuel is known to be significantly sourced from the atmospheric oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons. In this study, the formation of linear-alkane SOA was predicted using the Unified Partitioning Aerosol Phase Reaction (UNIPAR) model that simulated multiphase reactions of hydrocarbons. In the model, the formation of oxygenated products from the photooxidation of linear alkanes was simulated using a near-explicit gas kinetic mechanism. Autoxidation paths integrated with alkyl peroxy radicals were added to the Master Chemical Mechanismv3.3.1 to improve the formation of low volatility products in the gas phase and better predict SOA mass. The resulting gas products were then classified into volatility-reactivity based lumping groups that are linked to mass-based stoichiometric coefficients. The SOA mass in the UNIPAR model is produced via three major pathways: partitioning of gaseous oxidized products onto both the organic and wet inorganic phases; oligomerization in organic phase; and reactions in the wet inorganic phase (acid-catalyzed oligomerization and organosulfate formation). The model performance was demonstrated for SOA data that were produced through the photooxidation of a homologous series of linear alkanes ranging from C9 to C15 under varying environments (NOx levels, temperature, and inorganic seed conditions) in a large outdoor photochemical smog chamber. The product distributions of linear alkanes were mathematically predicted as a function of carbon number using an incremental volatility coefficient (IVC) to cover a wide range of alkane lengths. The prediction of alkane SOA using the incremental volatility-based product distributions, which were obtained with C9–C12 alkanes, was evaluated for prediction of C13 and C15 chamber data and further extrapolated to predict the SOA from longer chain alkanes (C15) that can be found in diesel. The model simulation of linear alkanes in diesel fuel suggests that SOA mass is mainly produced by alkanes C15 and higher. Alkane SOA is insignificantly impacted by the reactions of organic species in the wet inorganic phase due to the hydrophobicity of products, but significantly influenced by gas-particle partitioning.

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Long-chain alkanes in the atmosphere: A review

Cited by 22 publications

References 107 publications

CAMx-UNIPAR Simulation of SOA Mass Formed from Multiphase Reactions of Hydrocarbons under the Central Valley Urban Atmospheres of California

CAMx-UNIPAR Simulation of SOA Mass Formed from Multiphase Reactions of Hydrocarbons under the Central Valley Urban Atmospheres of California

Characteristic flavor metabolic network of fish sauce microbiota with different fermentation processes based on metagenomics

Modeling the Influence of Chain Length on SOA Formation via Multiphase Reactions of Alkanes

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