Long bone fragmentation and interpretation of faunal assemblages: Approaches to comparative analysis

Todd, Lawrence C.; Rapson, David J.

doi:10.1016/0305-4403(88)90067-2

Cited by 104 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Palaeolithic sites often contain large numbers of bone specimens that are taxonomically unidentified due to high fragmentation on faunal and human bone specimens as the result of carnivore activity (for example Costamagno et al, 2008), anthropogenic fragmentation (examples include Costamagno et al, 2006;Gaudsinski and Roebroeks, 2000;Niven, 2007;Mussini et al, 2012) or because of taphonomic processes (Behrensmeyer, 1978;Lam and Pearson, 2005;Nielsen-Marsh et al, 2007;Todd and Rapson, 1988). Anatomically incomplete bone specimens often lack morphologically discriminatory characteristics, impeding taxonomic identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using ZooMS to identify fragmentary bone from the Late Middle/Early Upper Palaeolithic sequence of Les Cottés, France

Welker

Soressi

Rendu

et al. 2015

Journal of Archaeological Science

101

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a b s t r a c tWe report the application of a molecular barcode method (ZooMS) to identify fragmentary bone remains (>2.5 cm) from a Middle to Upper Palaeolithic sequence at Les Cott es, France. ZooMS uses peptide mass fingerprinting of collagen (the most abundant protein in bone) to discriminate fauna (typically to genus level). Using previously reported peptide markers we initially conducted a blind test using 34 morphologically identified bones, followed by the application of ZooMS on 145 morphologically unidentified bone specimens. For the blind test, ZooMS was in agreement with morphological identifications in all cases, but in some instances taxonomic resolution is lower than morphological identifications. Further, 93.8% (136/145) of spectra obtained for morphologically unidentified bone specimens result in identifications that cannot be taxonomically improved by ZooMS. These include ten bone specimens showing signs of carnivore digestion. Focussing on the unidentified bone specimens of the Châtelper-ronian unit at Les Cott es (US06), ZooMS identified an additional z30% of the total number of bones discovered, increasing the total number of identified bone specimens to 61.8%. Further, ZooMS revealed higher taxonomic richness compared to morphological identifications for US06, thereby providing a more informed interpretation of the faunal community present at Les Cott es during the Châtelperronian.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using ZooMS to identify fragmentary bone from the Late Middle/Early Upper Palaeolithic sequence of Les Cottés, France

Welker

Soressi

Rendu

et al. 2015

Journal of Archaeological Science

101

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“…This method has been used in previous approaches dividing long limb bone portions in different analytical units as argued by Watson (1979), Klein and Cruz Uribe (1984), Patou Mathis (1984Mathis ( , 1985, Todd and Rapson (1988), Mü nzel (1988), Becker and Read (1993), Delpech and Villa (1993) and Morlan (1994), taking into account the section, side and orientation of each specimen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The shaft‐based methodological approach to the quantification of long limb bones and its relevance to understanding hominid subsistence in the Pleistocene: application to four Palaeolithic sites

Yravedra

Domı́nguez-Rodrigo

2008

J Quaternary Science

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The present work contributes to the debate of skeletal part use in archaeology to reconstruct hominid economic behaviour during the Pleistocene. It doubles the sample of sites where comparison of long limb bone element quantification is made by using alternative identification techniques based on epiphyses and epiphyses plus shafts. A refined method of long limb element quantification using shafts is discussed and applied to four sites representing different time periods from the end of the Middle Pleistocene to the end of the Upper Pleistocene. It is shown that when long limb elements are properly quantified a hypothesis of early access to carcasses at these sites can be supported. The data thus drawn are also used to compare skeletal part evenness across the time periods represented by the four sites selected. The results indicate low-cost transport decisions by hominids at these sites.

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“…Previous studies on the fragmentation of cortical bone tend to not focus on the mechanics of the process, but rather, are more limited to archaeological surveys of mammalian bone fragments [27,28]. Pioneering studies of engineering (i.e.…”

Section: Fragmentation Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone and Bone Surrogate Fragmentation Under Dynamic Compression

Pagano

Hogan

Lamberson

2016

J. dynamic behavior mater.

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The rate-dependent compressive response and resulting fragmentation characteristics of dry ox cortical bone and cyanoacrylate-based cortical bone surrogate material was investigated in two material orientations. Tests were conducted under quasi-static (10 -3 s -1 ) and dynamic (10 3 s -1 ) loading in the longitudinal and transverse direction with respect to the osteon and die-press orientation. The fragments resulting from dynamic loading were analyzed by fitting 2D ellipses of representative distributions using post-mortem optical microscopy, and are related to existing flaws in the microstructure and the energetics of dynamic fracture evolution. The compressive strength of the bone surrogate increases 20-27 % (±7 %) from quasi-static to dynamic when loaded in either the longitudinal or transverse orientation, while the compressive strength of the ox bone increased 43-66 % (±9 %). Resulting bone fragments had a mean size of 266 ± 28 lm for longitudinal and 410 ± 19 lm for transverse loading, while the bone surrogate produced larger fragments with mean sizes of 431 ± 14 lm for longitudinal and 694 ± 25 lm for transverse. Fragment size distributions exhibit a power-law dependence on length, as the onset of fracture asymptotes to a range of length scales where the fragmentation is self-similar and fractal. Pre-and postmortem scanning electron microscopy reveals that the bone surrogate has pre-existing flaws of pores and microcracks in a nominally homogeneous microstructure which resulted in a larger characteristic fragmentation length, whereas the ox bone has an inherently anisotropic composition that resulted in fragments linked to microstructural features of the internal canal system.

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Long bone fragmentation and interpretation of faunal assemblages: Approaches to comparative analysis

Cited by 104 publications

References 13 publications

Using ZooMS to identify fragmentary bone from the Late Middle/Early Upper Palaeolithic sequence of Les Cottés, France

Using ZooMS to identify fragmentary bone from the Late Middle/Early Upper Palaeolithic sequence of Les Cottés, France

The shaft‐based methodological approach to the quantification of long limb bones and its relevance to understanding hominid subsistence in the Pleistocene: application to four Palaeolithic sites

Bone and Bone Surrogate Fragmentation Under Dynamic Compression

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