Long- and short-term monocular deprivation in the rhesus monkey: effects on visual fields and optokinetic nystagmus

Sparks, D. Larry; Le, Mays; Gurski,; Hickey, T. L.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.06-06-01771.1986

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The mean deprived-eye acuity threshold of 0.20 cyc/°was decreased by Ͼ70% compared with the acuity threshold of normally reared animals (0.89 cyc/°) and by Ͼ80% compared with the mean threshold of the same-animal, nondeprived eye (1.20 cyc/°). Our observation of a profound loss of visual function is consistent with cat and monkey studies in which extended periods of MD have been performed (von Noorden and Dowling, 1970;Smith, 1981;Smith and Holdefer, 1985;Sparks et al, 1986;Mitchell, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Bidirectional Modifications of Visual Acuity Induced by Monocular Deprivation in Juvenile and Adult Rats

et al. 2006

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Recent electrophysiological studies of rodent visual cortex suggest that, in addition to deprived-eye depression, monocular deprivation (MD) also shifts ocular dominance by potentiation of open-eye responses. We used computer-based, two-choice discrimination tasks to assess the behavioral significance of these findings in rats. As expected, prolonged MD, from postnatal day 21 until adulthood (Ͼ150 d) markedly decreased visual acuity through the deprived eye. However, we also found that the acuity through the nondeprived eye was significantly enhanced compared with normally reared controls. Interestingly, when the deprived eye was opened in adults, there was a gradual but incomplete recovery of acuity in the deprived eye preceded by a loss of the enhanced acuity in the nondeprived eye. These changes were reversed by again reclosing the eye. These findings suggest that the bidirectional changes in visually evoked responses after MD are behaviorally meaningful and that significant plasticity is exhibited well into adulthood.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Bidirectional Modifications of Visual Acuity Induced by Monocular Deprivation in Juvenile and Adult Rats

et al. 2006

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“…Macaques reared with early monocular suture have gross light perception only (Von Noorden et al, 1970;Baker et al, 1974;Sparks et al, 1986), suggesting that all three perceptual channels are cut off at some point between striate cortex and the locus of visual consciousness.…”

Section: Differing Susceptibility Of Parvo Magno and Konio Projectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of the Critical Period for Plasticity of Ocular Dominance Columns in Macaque Striate Cortex

1997

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Visual deprivation induced by monocular eyelid suture, a laboratory model for congenital cataract, results in shrinkage of ocular dominance columns serving the closed eye. We performed monocular suture in macaques at ages 1, 3, 5, 7, and 12 weeks to define the critical period for plasticity of ocular dominance columns. After a minimum survival of 8 months, complete montages of [ 3 H]proline-labeled columns were reconstructed from flat-mounts of striate cortex in both hemispheres. In any given monkey, visual deprivation induced the columns throughout striate cortex (V1) to retract the same distance from their original borders in layer IVc␤. After deprivation, the widest columns remained in the foveal representation and along the V1/V2 border, where columns are widest in control animals. The narrowest deprived columns belonged to the ipsilateral eye, especially along the horizontal meridian and in the periphery, where columns are narrowest in control animals. At the earliest age that we tested (1 week), visual deprivation reduced the columns to fragments. These fragments always coincided with a cytochrome oxidase patch, or a short string of patches, in the upper layers. More severe column shrinkage occurred in layer IVc␤ (parvo) than layer IVc␣ (magno). The geniculate input to the patches in layer III (konio) appeared normal after deprivation, despite loss of CO activity. Surprisingly, the blind spot representation of the open eye was shrunken by monocular deprivation, although binocular competition is absent in this region. Our principal finding was that eyelid suture at age 1 week caused the most severe column shrinkage. With suture at later ages, the degree of column shrinkage showed a progressive decline. Deprivation commencing at age 12 weeks caused no column shrinkage. These results imply that primate visual cortex is most vulnerable to deprivation during the first weeks of life. Our experiments should provide further impetus for the treatment of children with congenital cataract at the earliest possible age.

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“…Pursuit/OKN are robust for nasally directed target motion and absent or weak for temporally directed target motion. Pursuit/OKN movements, on the other hand, are usually regarded as conjugate between the 2 eyes for subjects with infantile esotropia or subjects with abnormal binocular experience in early life [15,16]. In the present study, we quantitatively evaluated the conjugacy between the 2 eyes of a normal monkey and a naturally strabismic monkey with early-onset esotropia during monocular and binocular optokinetic stimulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Disjunctive Optokinetic Nystagmus in a Naturally Esotropic Macaque Monkey: Interaction between Nasotemporal Asymmetries of Versional Eye Movement and Convergence

Yıldırım

Tychsen

2000

Ophthalmic Res

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Objective: To assess the interaction between versional and vergence eye movements in normal and strabismic monkeys. Methods: Horizontal optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and vergence were measured using the magnetic scleral search coil technique in a normal adult monkey and a strabismic monkey who had naturally occurring early-onset esotropia. Mean eye velocity and vergence angles were calculated during the slow phases of OKN. Results: The strabismic monkey had a nasotemporal asymmetry of OKN favoring nasally directed motion in each eye. During monocular optokinetic stimulation, mean eye velocities were substantially greater for the adducting as compared to the abducting eye. The velocity of the abducting eye was between 55 and 80% of the velocity of the adducting eye (p < 0.01). As a consequence of the disjunctive movements, the eyes converged an average of 4 ± 2.8° during OKN. Saccadic analysis documented normal lateral rectus function in each eye. Neither an OKN asymmetry nor disjunctive OKN was observed in the normal monkey. Conclusion: Disjunctive OKN in the esotropic monkey suggests that the cerebral maldevelopment responsible for nasally biased OKN also contributes to nasal biases in vergence pathways.

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Long- and short-term monocular deprivation in the rhesus monkey: effects on visual fields and optokinetic nystagmus

Cited by 39 publications

References 60 publications

Bidirectional Modifications of Visual Acuity Induced by Monocular Deprivation in Juvenile and Adult Rats

Bidirectional Modifications of Visual Acuity Induced by Monocular Deprivation in Juvenile and Adult Rats

Timing of the Critical Period for Plasticity of Ocular Dominance Columns in Macaque Striate Cortex

Disjunctive Optokinetic Nystagmus in a Naturally Esotropic Macaque Monkey: Interaction between Nasotemporal Asymmetries of Versional Eye Movement and Convergence

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