Long and Short Term Development of Frost Hardiness in Pinus silvestris, and Heavy Particle Adenosine Triphosphatase

Abstract

The effect of different growth temperatures, of transfer between them, and of changes in outside temperature on frost hardiness and ATPase activity of Scotch pines (Pinus silvestris L.) were studied. Plants which had been grown in the greenhouse and transported to outside “remembered” something of their earlier growing circumstances during a long period. They differed from the plants continuously grown outside in the level of hardiness, although changes in temperature caused similar fluctuations in the hardiness of both groups. It is evident that two mechanisms are present, the one causing a long term determination of the level of frost hardiness obtainable, the other causing a short term adaption. The heavy particle ATPase activity as investigated below 20°C grouped itself according to the main temperature groups of the experiment. Above 30°C, the pretreatments had given rise to differences within the temperature groups. The level of the ATPase activity increased as the growing season came closer.

Interactions of elevated CO2, NH3 and O3 on mycorrhizal infection, gas exchange and N metabolism in saplings of Scots pine

“…The significant reduction in mycorrhizal infection already after 11 weeks exposure to NH3 or 03 suggests the use of mycorrhizal infection as an early indicator of NH3 or 03 stress, when neither visible injury nor effects on biomass or gas exchange were noticed. When interpreting the response of seedlings to the different treatments, it should be taken into account the possible memory of past growth conditions which could affect short-term adaptations (Bervaes and Kylin, 1972 …”

Frosthardiness development in Pinus sylvestris: The involvement of a K+‐stimulated Mg2+‐dependent ATPase from purified plasma membranes of pine

“…The high K+-ATPase activity (Hendriks 1978, Quail 1979) and STA-staining (Roland 1978, Quail 1979 Were used to identify the plasma membrane. Bervaes and Kylin (1972) measured the ATPase activities in pine needles from a crude preparation and compared the activities, at different assay temperatures, ''etween plants grown outdoors (cold acclimated) and plants grown in a greenhouse. At 30°C the activities )^ere similar.…”

“…brane (Hodges andLeonard 1974, Hendriks 1978, introduction Travis and Booz 1979). Bervaes and Kylin (1972) During the course of a frost hardening period, a series measured Mg-ATPase activity in a crude microsomal of biochemical changes (e.g. in sugars, proteins and preparation from pine needles in relation to frost hardilipids) occur within the plant (Sakai 1962, Li and ness development and temperature dependency; but Weiser 1967, Bervaes et al 1972).…”

“…Bervaes and Kylin (1972) During the course of a frost hardening period, a series measured Mg-ATPase activity in a crude microsomal of biochemical changes (e.g. in sugars, proteins and preparation from pine needles in relation to frost hardilipids) occur within the plant (Sakai 1962, Li and ness development and temperature dependency; but Weiser 1967, Bervaes et al 1972). A number of specific membrane systems were not studied separately, hypotheses have been proposed to explain freezing in-nor were the modulating effects of potassium investijuries and survival.…”

Kinetics of Freezing Damage in Apple Bark and Pine Needles

“…Interestingly, deacelimated apple trees seemed to "remember" their period of eold-aeelimation: E showed a reduetion of 50% upon exposure to greenhouse eonditions in both temperature ranges studied, -30 to -20°C and -20 to -10°C range. Sueh a "memory" or hysteris effeet of eoldaeelimation was earlier observed in the pine needles, when the trees were transferred from the greenhouse to outside (-10°C; Bervaes and Kylin 1972).…”