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Aims: Psychosomatic complaints are common in youth and are often assumed to indicate stress. Although several studies have confirmed that a cross-sectional association exists, few have empirically investigated whether or not perceived stress influences psychosomatic complaints. The objective of the present study was to build upon previous research by exploring whether changes in perceived stress over time are associated with corresponding changes in psychosomatic complaints. This analytical approach takes unmeasured time-invariant confounding into account, thereby offering more robust evidence for a causal association between the variables under study. Methods: Data was derived from the Swedish national cohort study Futura01, with information from 2,708 participants aged 17–18 in 2019 and 20–21 in 2022. Perceived stress was measured by Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale. Psychosomatic complaints were measured by questions on the frequency of stomach aches, headaches and difficulties falling asleep, which were added to an index. Information on gender, parental education, and parental country of birth was derived from registries. Linear regression analyses were conducted and the first difference (FD) approach was used. Results: Perceived stress and psychosomatic complaints exhibited cross-sectional associations at both time points. The FD analyses showed that increases in perceived stress were associated with increases in psychosomatic complaints, and this was the case irrespective of sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusions: This study provides further empirical support for the assumption that psychosomatic complaints can be partially attributed to stress. Societal efforts aimed at reducing stressors and strengthening coping resources and strategies among young people may help mitigate perceived stress and, consequently, the likelihood of developing psychosomatic complaints.
Aims: Psychosomatic complaints are common in youth and are often assumed to indicate stress. Although several studies have confirmed that a cross-sectional association exists, few have empirically investigated whether or not perceived stress influences psychosomatic complaints. The objective of the present study was to build upon previous research by exploring whether changes in perceived stress over time are associated with corresponding changes in psychosomatic complaints. This analytical approach takes unmeasured time-invariant confounding into account, thereby offering more robust evidence for a causal association between the variables under study. Methods: Data was derived from the Swedish national cohort study Futura01, with information from 2,708 participants aged 17–18 in 2019 and 20–21 in 2022. Perceived stress was measured by Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale. Psychosomatic complaints were measured by questions on the frequency of stomach aches, headaches and difficulties falling asleep, which were added to an index. Information on gender, parental education, and parental country of birth was derived from registries. Linear regression analyses were conducted and the first difference (FD) approach was used. Results: Perceived stress and psychosomatic complaints exhibited cross-sectional associations at both time points. The FD analyses showed that increases in perceived stress were associated with increases in psychosomatic complaints, and this was the case irrespective of sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusions: This study provides further empirical support for the assumption that psychosomatic complaints can be partially attributed to stress. Societal efforts aimed at reducing stressors and strengthening coping resources and strategies among young people may help mitigate perceived stress and, consequently, the likelihood of developing psychosomatic complaints.
одиночество – особое психологическое состояние, переживаемое в той или иной степени любым человеком в разные моменты жизни. Наиболее подвержены этому состоянию подростки и пожилые люди. По Кэроллу Изарду одиночество – это один из естественных активаторов страха. Страх, в зависимости от интенсивности его проявлений и наличия/отсутствия выраженной личностной тревожности, способен привести к психосоматическим заболеваниям, проявляющимся в различных формах. Целью нашего исследования является изучение одиночества как значимого фактора возникновения психосоматических заболеваний человека, а также особенностей этих психосоматических проявлений в зависимости от личностных особенностей человека и социальных условий, в которых он находится. На основе проведенного нами исследования можно выделить некоторые связи одиночества с психическим и физическим здоровьем человека. Одиночество связано с депрессией, тревогой, паническими атаками, низкой удовлетворенностью жизнью и низкой жизнестойкостью. Одиночество повышает смертность от сердечно-сосудистых, цереброваскулярных и других хронических заболеваний. Пациенты с сахарным диабетом 2 типа, цереброваскулярным заболеванием, тяжелым остеоартритом, недержанием мочи и другими дисфункциями мочевого пузыря, хронической болью, запором, значительной потерей зрения, ухудшением слуха и психическими расстройствами чаще чувствуют себя одинокими, чем пациентами без этих диагнозов. Одиночество связано с ревматическим заболеваниями. Одиночество связано со снижением когнитивных функций и болезнью Альцгеймера в пожилом возрасте. Одиночество связано с головной болью, болями в животе и другими болями, тошнотой, проблемами со зрением, сыпью и другими проблемами с кожей, рвотой. Люди с низкой выраженностью чувства одиночества и высокой выраженностью чувства социальной принадлежности ощущают себя наиболее здоровыми по сравнению с группами людей с выраженными одиночеством и незначительной выраженностью социальной принадлежности. Одинокие люди больше курят. Одинокие люди чаще обращаются за амбулаторной и стационарной медицинской помощью. loneliness is a special psychological state experienced to one degree or another by any person at different points in life. Adolescents and the elderly are most susceptible to this condition. According to Carroll Izard, loneliness is one of the natural fear activators. Fear, depending on the intensity of its manifestations and the presence/absence of pronounced personal anxiety, can lead to psychosomatic diseases that manifest themselves in various forms. The purpose of our study is to study loneliness as a significant factor in the occurrence of psychosomatic diseases of a person, as well as the characteristics of these psychosomatic manifestations, depending on the personal characteristics of a person and the social conditions in which he is located. Based on our research, we can identify some links between loneliness and human mental and physical health. Loneliness is associated with depression, anxiety, panic attacks, low life satisfaction and low resilience. Loneliness increases mortality from cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and other chronic diseases. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, severe osteoarthritis, urinary incontinence and other bladder dysfunctions, chronic pain, constipation, significant vision loss, hearing impairment and mental disorders are more likely to feel lonely than patients without these diagnoses. Loneliness is associated with rheumatic diseases. Loneliness is associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease in old age. Loneliness is associated with headaches, abdominal pain and other pains, nausea, vision problems, rashes and other skin problems, vomiting. People with a low degree of loneliness and a high degree of social belonging feel the healthiest compared to groups of people with severe loneliness and low degree of social belonging. Loneliness is associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease in old age. Loneliness is associated with headaches, abdominal pain and other pains, nausea, vision problems, rashes and other skin problems, vomiting. People with a low degree of loneliness and a high degree of social belonging feel the healthiest compared to groups of people with severe loneliness and low degree of social belonging. Single people smoke more. Single people are more likely to seek outpatient and inpatient medical care.
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