Loneliness and the Resilience Process in the Elderly in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Loneliness is a subjective emotional state characterized by a deep longing for meaningful social connections, distinct from physical isolation. It impacts individuals of all ages, particularly adolescents and the elderly, with serious consequences, especially during the transition to institutionalization for the latter group. Research also connects loneliness to depression, alcoholism, physical illnesses, and grief, with chronic loneliness acting as an independent risk factor for depressive symptoms. Loneliness should not be confused with social distancing; one can feel lonely even in the presence of others. Modern and post-modern eras marked by uncertainty and individualism have exacerbated loneliness, posing significant health and social challenges. Resilience, defined as the ability to positively navigate challenges and adverse situations, has gained prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic. It involves self-awareness, empathy, and the capacity to confront life's difficulties. Resilience, along with humor, has been found to alleviate feelings of anxiety and loneliness, especially among older adults. Solidarity has emerged as a vital response to the pandemic, with people supporting each other through acts of kindness and adapting to virtual community support. Reading has been acknowledged for its cognitive and emotional benefits, reducing the risk of dementia and enhancing mental well-being. Spirituality and faith have played crucial roles in helping individuals cope with the pandemic, providing comfort, purpose, and support. These dimensions transcend specific religious systems and are observed across various cultural and religious contexts. Religious institutions have adapted to offer spiritual guidance, even in virtual formats, showcasing their adaptability and resilience. In conclusion, loneliness is a complex and pervasive emotion that affects individuals across life stages. Addressing it necessitates a comprehensive approach focusing on social connectedness, resilience, and a sense of purpose. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the significance of solidarity, resilience, and spiritual dimensions in mitigating loneliness, particularly among older adults.