Loneliness and Health: Potential Mechanisms

Cacioppo, John T.; Hawkley, Louise C.; Crawford, Lawrence E.; Ernst, John M.; Burleson, Mary H.; Kowalewski, Ray B.; Malarkey, William B.; Cauter, Eve Van; Berntson, Gary G.

doi:10.1097/00006842-200205000-00005

Cited by 931 publications

(809 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is one key brain region implicated in conflict monitoring and detection [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], and early studies of influence demonstrated that updating behavior in response to misalignment with the group is associated with increased activity within this region [6,18], as well as in anterior insula (AI), a region hypothesized to encode the discomfort of being misaligned with the group [6,7]. To further test the causal role of brain regions hypothesized to be involved in conflict monitoring and detection in social influence, researchers used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to downregulate the posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC), overlapping with dACC, during a social influence task.…”

Section: Conflict Detection and Distress Of Misalignment With The Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social influence and the brain: persuasion, susceptibility to influence and retransmission

Cascio

Scholz

Falk

2015

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

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Social influence is an important topic of research, with a particularly long history in the social sciences. Recently, social influence has also become a topic of interest among neuroscientists. The aim of this review is to highlight current research that has examined neural systems associated with social influence, from the perspective of being influenced as well as influencing others, and highlight studies that link neural mechanisms with real-world behavior change beyond the laboratory. Although many of the studies reviewed focus on localizing brain regions implicated in influence within the lab, we argue that approaches that account for networks of brain regions and that integrate neural data with data beyond the laboratory are likely to be most fruitful in understanding influence. AbstractSocial influence is an important topic of research, with a particularly long history in the social sciences. Recently, social influence has also become a topic of interest among neuroscientists.The aim of this review is to highlight current research that has examined neural systems associated with social influence, from the perspective of being influenced as well as influencing others, and highlight studies that link neural mechanisms with real-world behavior change beyond the laboratory. Although many of the studies reviewed focus on localizing brain regions implicated in influence within the lab, we argue that approaches that account for networks of brain regions and that integrate neural data with data beyond the laboratory are likely to be most fruitful in understanding influence.

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Section: Conflict Detection and Distress Of Misalignment With The Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social influence and the brain: persuasion, susceptibility to influence and retransmission

Cascio

Scholz

Falk

2015

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

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“…Feeling lonely is indicative of a lack of support and emotional closeness to others, and such feelings are related to both anxiety and depression [36][37][38]. Associations with heavy drinking have also been found, yet some studies indicate that loneliness is inversely related to alcohol use [39,40], while others have found a positive correlation between the two [41,42].…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between emotional distress and heavy drinking among young people: A longitudinal study

Pape¹,

Norstrøm

2015

Drug and Alcohol Review

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IntroductionDepression has generally been found to be associated with heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders [1][2][3][4]. There is also evidence of a link between anxiety and extensive use of alcohol [5][6][7][8], but this association has been less extensively scrutinized and the findings seem less clear. Thus, some studies of young people report null-findings [9] or a link between anxiety and heavy drinking that is attributable to concurrent symptoms of depression and/or other confounding factors [10][11][12].The bulk of previous studies focus on severe forms of internalizing problems and harmful drinking, and have typically relied on diagnoses or other dichotomous measures. Obviously, such research may be of clinical significance, yet the findings do not necessarily apply to mild forms of emotional distress and non-pathological drinking [13]. To address subclinical conditions is important in its own right, not least because they may contribute to the total burden of harm and social cost at least as much as the clinical ones -simply by being far more prevalent.Furthermore, studies of adult samples predominate in the field, and the association between emotional distress and heavy drinking may be different among young people. The onset of drinking typically occurs in adolescence, and the consumption of alcohol and related harm escalate during the late teens and reaches a peak in early adulthood [14,15]. Problems related to mood and emotions also tend to increase in this period of life [16]. Moreover, it has been hypothesized that risk factors related to mental health may become increasingly important in influencing drinking behaviour as individuals approach adulthood, reflecting the challenges of leaving a protected environment, and entering an independent adult role [17].Indeed, a recent study showed that the association between depression and alcohol use disorders was stronger in early adulthood than in adolescence [18]. The present paper pursues this issue further by analysing four-wave panel data on less severe forms of emotional distress and heavy drinking from a general population study of young people.

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“…• Diminished physical activity 13 • Diminished motor function 14,15 • Symptoms of depression 16 • Disrupted sleep and daytime dysfunction 17 • Impaired mental and cognitive function 18 • Increased systolic blood pressure 19 • Increased sympathetic tone and vascular resistance 20,21 • Increased hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical activity 22,23 • Altered gene expression related to anti-inflammatory responses 24 • Altered immunity 25,26 Of greater concern, however, is an accumulating volume of research that highlights loneliness as a risk factor for both functional decline as well as increased mortality. 4,8,[27][28][29] In short, there is evidence that the subjective experience of loneliness can significantly contribute to premature death independently of other physical, behavioral, or psychological factors.…”

Section: Effects Of Lonelinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loneliness and Social Isolation: Risk Factors Long Overdue for Surveillance

Alspach¹

2013

Critical Care Nurse

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Loneliness and Health: Potential Mechanisms

Cited by 931 publications

References 28 publications

Social influence and the brain: persuasion, susceptibility to influence and retransmission

Social influence and the brain: persuasion, susceptibility to influence and retransmission

Associations between emotional distress and heavy drinking among young people: A longitudinal study

Loneliness and Social Isolation: Risk Factors Long Overdue for Surveillance

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