Loneliness and Depression among Women in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Idzik, Anna; Leńczuk-Gruba, Anna; Kobos, Ewa; Pietrzak, M.P.H. Robert H.; Dziedzic, Beata

doi:10.3390/ijerph182010698

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In adolescents, the irritability assessed by the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale showed its central role during different pandemic stages (Cai et al, 2022; Liu et al, 2022). In adults, though limited network analyses were reported, people still exhibited high levels of irritability due to various difficulties caused by the pandemic (Grey et al, 2020; Hwang et al, 2020; Idzik et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network analysis of psychosomatic symptoms in pharmacists during the pandemic.

Jiang,

Liu,

Sun

et al. 2023

Psychological Assessment

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We explored the networks and discriminant abilities of the current Psychosomatic Symptoms Scale (PSSS) in pharmacists for future abbreviation. Ten thousand seven hundred twenty-one pharmacists participated in this study through an online investigation. We used network analysis to reveal the central and bridge symptoms between the subscales (psychological and somatic symptoms) of the PSSS. Then, we utilized item response theory (IRT) to identify discriminant abilities of the current 26-item of PSSS. Over twenty percent of the pharmacists were troubled with significant psychosomatic issues during the pandemic. Risk factors included age, lack of support, and impaired general health conditions. The network analysis revealed that "Irritability" was central to the psychological subscale and "Fatigue" was central to the somatic subscale. "Irritability-Fatigue," "Fatigue-Obsession," and "Self-injury idea-Perineum discomfort" was bridging between the somatic and psychological subscales. IRT found that "Anhedonia," "Depression," "Tightness," "Palpitations," and "Difficulty breathing" were highly discriminated. A future version of PSSS could be abbreviated according to the highlighted items, and they should also be emphasized in future psychosomatic research and targets for intervention. Public Significance StatementThe current Psychosomatic Symptoms Scale is a helpful tool to assess psychosomatic symptoms with 26 items. The future version will be briefer and emphasize irritability, fatigue, self-injury ideal, perineum discomfort, anhedonia, depression, tightness, palpitations, and difficulty breathing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network analysis of psychosomatic symptoms in pharmacists during the pandemic.

Jiang,

Liu,

Sun

et al. 2023

Psychological Assessment

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“…The scale comprises 11 diagnostic statements and is partially balanced. Six items contain negative statements (2,3,5,6,9,10), describing lack of satisfaction with social contacts (social loneliness). In contrast, the other five statements are positive (1,4,7,8,11) and they measure satisfaction from one's interpersonal relations (emotional loneliness).…”

Section: De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (Djgls)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Spanish data, women and young adults are more susceptible than other groups to loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 8 ]. Polish studies have shown that two out of three women have experienced loneliness during the pandemic [ 9 ]. The findings of other studies have shown a strong sense of social loneliness in 22.7% of students under study, and 16.7% reported a strong sense of emotional loneliness [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loneliness and Satisfaction with Life among Nursing Students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Kupcewicz

Mikla

Kadučáková

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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(1) The COVID-19 pandemic poses threats to human life and health around the world. This study attempts to determine the correlation between loneliness and satisfaction with life among nursing students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia and to seek predictors of social and emotional loneliness among the students. (2) A total of 756 nursing students from Poland, Spain and Slovakia took part in the study. A diagnostic survey was applied as the research method, and the data were collected with the sense of loneliness measurement scale (de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale–DJGLS) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). (3) The mean age of the participants was 21.20 years (SD = 1.97). A correlation analysis revealed statistically significant, negative correlations, with an average and high strength, between the general sense of loneliness and its components (social loneliness and emotional loneliness) and satisfaction with life among students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia. A regression analysis showed one’s satisfaction with life to be a predictor of a sense of loneliness among nursing students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. (4) Students with a stronger sense of loneliness also feel lower life satisfaction. It is important to take preventive and prophylactic actions concerning loneliness among students during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Factors Associated with Israeli Arab Women Anxiety and Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Ali-Saleh,

Bord,

Basis

2024

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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Background Reports have shown that women suffered from anxiety, stress, depression, and fatigue during the COVID-19 pandemic more than men. No study so far has examined the effect of the pandemic among the Arab minority in Israel. Objectives To examine the associations between levels of pandemic fatigue and stress of Israeli Arab women, and their anxiety and depression, along with their socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Methods A Cohen and Williamson questionnaire, which was based on a Likert scale, was distributed by the snowball method through social networks. Bivariate associations between the psycho-social and demographic characteristics and anxiety and depression were assessed using t-tests, chi-square tests, Z tests, and Pearson correlations. Multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the associations with anxiety and depression, and the mediation model was examined with path analysis with bootstrapping. Results Among 2294 Israeli Arab mothers who participated in the study, 63.7% were in the clinical range for anxiety, 67.4% for depression, and 57.5% for both anxiety and depression. Low economic status, pandemic fatigue, living in closed communities, and stress were related to anxiety and depression. Pandemic fatigue was positively related to stress, which was positively related to both anxiety and depression (standardized indirect effect = 0.137, SE = 0.014, 95%CI = 0.111, 0.164, p < .001; vs. 0.133, SE = 0.013, 95%CI = 0.108, 0.160, p < .001 respectively). The contribution of stress to anxiety and depression was significantly greater than that of pandemic fatigue (Z = 19.43 and Z = 18.04, p < .001, for anxiety and depression, respectively). Conclusions Demographic characteristics may put Arab women at a higher risk of anxiety and depression. Elevated stress alongside high fatigue may trigger mental health difficulties. The welfare of minorities should be addressed by policymakers in relation to their demographic needs.

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Loneliness and Depression among Women in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 11 publications

References 60 publications

Network analysis of psychosomatic symptoms in pharmacists during the pandemic.

Network analysis of psychosomatic symptoms in pharmacists during the pandemic.

Loneliness and Satisfaction with Life among Nursing Students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Factors Associated with Israeli Arab Women Anxiety and Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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